The impact of root growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal functional interactions for the acquisition of heterogeneous distributed nutrients in the initial stage of soil development.

初始生态系统土壤的初始定殖主要由先驱植物主导，它们需要这两种植物，通过根系的发育和结合在初始基质中的营养元素的分解来完成其供应基础设施的建设。在土壤发育的初始阶段，为养分资源的储存和回收而构建先前命名的结构也是一个关键功能，因为有效的养分平衡的建立为菌根和土壤细菌的发展创造了基础，反过来又改善了植物的养分供应基础设施。土壤养分的分布可以是非常小尺度的不均匀分布，特别是在初始土壤中。在这种情况下，植物适应当地增加的营养和获取这些营养（精确的根系觅食）的能力是高度可变的。到目前为止，土壤养分资源的分布与根系生长与丛枝菌根真菌功能相互作用对养分吸收的影响之间的关系在很大程度上是未知的。本项目旨在研究土壤养分的异质性分布与孢子和菌丝的分布之间的相关关系，AM真菌的活性与植物的精确根系觅食行为之间的关系。在田间试验的基础上，研究am真菌孢子在初始基质中的多样性。实验将提供各种植物林龄对AM真菌在土壤中的空间分布的影响，这些参数受季节影响的差异，以及获取分布不均的养分是否与AM感染潜力增加有关的数据。在根管试验的基础上，观察一定时期内养分分布、am -真菌分布与根系生长之间的相互作用。这些实验将提供详细的信息，说明即使没有丛枝菌根真菌的存在，营养物的异质分布是否会引起精确的根觅食反应，并将提供关于土壤中不同孢子分布对营养物吸收的影响的结果。回答这些问题将有助于更好地了解土壤发育早期阶段的主要养分获取和生态系统中一般的基本养分循环，并为基于生物学的土地复垦方法提供有价值的信息。

The incipient colonization of soils of initial ecosystems is dominated by pioneer plants that need both, accomplish building their supply infrastructure by development of root systems and by decomposition of nutrient elements which are bound in the initial substrate. The construction of previously named structures for storage and retrievability of nutrient resources is also a key function in the initial phase of soil development, since the establishment of an efficient nutrient balance creates the basis for the development of mycorrhizae and soil bacteria and in turn, improves the nutrient supply infrastructure of plants. Distribution of soil nutrients can be very small-scale heterogeneous, especially in initial soils. In this context, the ability of plants to adapt to locally increased nutrients and to acquire these nutrients (precision root foraging) is highly variable. So far, the relationship between distribution of soil nutrient resources and impact of the functional interaction between root growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for nutrient uptake is largely unknown. The aim of the project is to investigate relevant connections between heterogeneous distributed soil nutrients and distribution of spores and hyphae, respectively the activity of AM fungi in relation to the precision root foraging behavior of plants. Based on field experiments diversity of fungal spores of AM-fungi in the initial substrate will be investigated. Experiments will provide data about which influence stand age of various plant species has on the spatial distribution of AM fungi in the soil, what differences occur on these parameters by the seasonal influence and whether acquisition of heterogeneously distributed nutrients is associated with an increased AM-infection potential. On the basis of rhizotron experiments interactions between nutrient distribution, AM-fungal distribution and root growth will be observed over a certain period of time. These experiments will provide detailed information about whether a heterogeneous distribution of nutrients cause a precision root foraging reaction even without the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and will provide results about the effect of different distribution of spores in soil on the uptake of nutrients. Answering of these questions will contribute to a better understanding of dominant, primary nutrient acquisition in the early phase of soil development and basic nutrient cycle in ecosystems in general and provide valuable information for biologically based approaches to land reclamation.