The impact of root growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal functional interactions for the acquisition of heterogeneous distributed nutrients in the initial stage of soil development.

在初始生态系统中，土壤的早期定殖化是由先锋植物主导的，它们需要这两者，通过发展根系和分解结合在初始基质中的营养元素来完成其供应基础设施的建立。建造以前命名的养分资源储存和回收结构也是土壤发育初期的一个关键功能，因为建立有效的养分平衡为菌根和土壤细菌的发展创造了基础，反过来又改善了植物的养分供应基础设施。土壤养分的分布可能是非常小范围的不均匀的，特别是在初始土壤中。在这种情况下，植物适应当地增加的营养并获得这些营养的能力(精确的根部觅食)是高度不同的。到目前为止，土壤养分资源的分布与根系生长和丛枝菌根真菌之间的功能相互作用对养分吸收的影响在很大程度上还不清楚。该项目的目的是研究不均匀分布的土壤养分与孢子和菌丝分布之间的相关性，以及AM真菌的活性与植物精确的根部觅食行为的关系。在田间试验的基础上，对AM真菌初始基质中真菌孢子的多样性进行了研究。实验将提供不同树种的林分年龄对土壤中AM真菌空间分布的影响、季节影响对这些参数的影响以及不均匀分布的养分的获得是否与AM感染潜力的增加有关的数据。在根际试验的基础上，将在一定时间内观察到营养分布、AM真菌分布与根系生长之间的交互作用。这些实验将提供详细的信息，说明即使在没有丛枝菌根真菌存在的情况下，营养物质的不同分布是否会导致精确的根部觅食反应，并将提供关于土壤中不同分布的孢子对养分吸收的影响的结果。回答这些问题将有助于更好地了解土壤发育早期的主导初级养分获取和生态系统的基本养分循环，并为基于生物的土地复垦方法提供有价值的信息。

The incipient colonization of soils of initial ecosystems is dominated by pioneer plants that need both, accomplish building their supply infrastructure by development of root systems and by decomposition of nutrient elements which are bound in the initial substrate. The construction of previously named structures for storage and retrievability of nutrient resources is also a key function in the initial phase of soil development, since the establishment of an efficient nutrient balance creates the basis for the development of mycorrhizae and soil bacteria and in turn, improves the nutrient supply infrastructure of plants. Distribution of soil nutrients can be very small-scale heterogeneous, especially in initial soils. In this context, the ability of plants to adapt to locally increased nutrients and to acquire these nutrients (precision root foraging) is highly variable. So far, the relationship between distribution of soil nutrient resources and impact of the functional interaction between root growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for nutrient uptake is largely unknown. The aim of the project is to investigate relevant connections between heterogeneous distributed soil nutrients and distribution of spores and hyphae, respectively the activity of AM fungi in relation to the precision root foraging behavior of plants. Based on field experiments diversity of fungal spores of AM-fungi in the initial substrate will be investigated. Experiments will provide data about which influence stand age of various plant species has on the spatial distribution of AM fungi in the soil, what differences occur on these parameters by the seasonal influence and whether acquisition of heterogeneously distributed nutrients is associated with an increased AM-infection potential. On the basis of rhizotron experiments interactions between nutrient distribution, AM-fungal distribution and root growth will be observed over a certain period of time. These experiments will provide detailed information about whether a heterogeneous distribution of nutrients cause a precision root foraging reaction even without the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and will provide results about the effect of different distribution of spores in soil on the uptake of nutrients. Answering of these questions will contribute to a better understanding of dominant, primary nutrient acquisition in the early phase of soil development and basic nutrient cycle in ecosystems in general and provide valuable information for biologically based approaches to land reclamation.