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Dopaminergic control of preference for reward maximization and reward unpredictability during free choice.

自由选择过程中对奖励最大化和奖励不可预测性的偏好的多巴胺能控制。

基本信息

批准号：
263838133
负责人：
Dr. Patrick Anselme, Ph.D.
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl für Biopsychologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/263838133?language=en
关键词：
Dopaminergic control preference reward maximization

项目摘要

In order to improve their chance of survival, animals must maximise food intake (energy gain). However, in some circumstances, mammals and birds seem to adopt a suboptimal seeking strategy, preferring an unpredictable food option which provides a lower reward rate. The reasons for this irrational choice are not clearly established, notably because most experimental procedures used have not attempted to study the effects of reward maximisation and of reward unpredictability separately. For example, comparing performance on a fixed schedule and a variable schedule with an equivalent mean (as often reported) brings little information about the motivation of the animal. Does it preferentially choose the variable schedule because intrigued by unpredictability or because food can be obtained sooner or because of a combination of these two components? In fact, maximisation and unpredictability might be combined in food seeking, as they are in human gambling: the individuals try to maximize gains, but unpredictability is necessary to hold their interest in the task. In this project, I suggest five experiments whose aim is twofold: (1) understanding the extent to which food maximization and food unpredictability can control behavioural choices in a free-choice task, and (2) showing how dopamine determines sensitivity to reward maximization and reward unpredictability. Indeed, dopamine is a neurotransmitter chiefly recruited by rewards and conditioned cues, but also very sensitive to the unpredictability of cue-reward associations. I plan to use pigeons as animal model since a large body of literature is devoted to processes of choice in pigeons while at the same time the relevant neurobiological mechanisms are less understood in birds. Thus, the results of the present application would not only generate important results for the present study but could also provide insights about invariant mechanisms of reward-associated behaviour across vertebrate classes.

为了提高生存机会，动物必须最大限度地增加食物摄入量（能量增益）。然而，在某些情况下，哺乳动物和鸟类似乎采取了一种次优的寻求策略，更喜欢一个不可预测的食物选择，提供了一个较低的奖励率。这种非理性选择的原因并不清楚，主要是因为大多数实验程序都没有试图分别研究奖励最大化和奖励不可预测性的影响。例如，将固定时间表和可变时间表上的表现与等效平均值（如经常报道的那样）进行比较，几乎没有关于动物动机的信息。它会优先选择可变的时间表，是因为对不可预测性感兴趣，还是因为食物可以更快获得，还是因为这两个因素的结合？事实上，最大化和不可预测性可能在食物寻找中结合在一起，就像它们在人类赌博中一样：个体试图最大化收益，但不可预测性是保持他们对任务兴趣的必要条件。在这个项目中，我提出了五个实验，其目的是双重的：（1）理解食物最大化和食物不可预测性在多大程度上可以控制自由选择任务中的行为选择，以及（2）显示多巴胺如何决定对奖励最大化和奖励不可预测性的敏感性。事实上，多巴胺是一种神经递质，主要由奖励和条件线索招募，但对线索-奖励关联的不可预测性也非常敏感。我计划使用鸽子作为动物模型，因为大量的文献都致力于鸽子的选择过程，而在同一时间，相关的神经生物学机制在鸟类中了解较少。因此，本申请的结果将不仅产生本研究的重要结果，而且还可以提供关于跨脊椎动物类的奖励相关行为的不变机制的见解。