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Spectral Self-Recording: Occult Communication and Science in the Twentieth-Century

光谱自记录：二十世纪的神秘传播与科学

基本信息

批准号：
267711960
负责人：
Professor Dr. Christian Kassung
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Kulturwissenschaft
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2015-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/267711960?language=en
关键词：
Spectral Self Recording Occult Communication

项目摘要

In the long nineteenth-century self-recording instruments emerged as the leading arbiters of truth and objectivity in scientific cultures. In the natural sciences, engineering, and even the occult, automatic instruments translated aberrant and erratic phenomena into objective traces for rational analysis and inspection. From physiology to the occult, self-writing instruments enabled the objective registration of fleeting phenomena at the frontiers of human perception. In the first phase of our research we demonstrated how the rise of self-writing instruments produced knowledge in scientific and occult communities and shaped its circulation across "hegemonic" and "nonhegemonic" cultures.In the second phase of our project we extend this analysis to consider how informational and statistical technologies subsumed and transformed epistemic cultures associated with self-writing instruments of the nineteenth-century. Scientists disturbed by the proliferation of occult and spectral manifestations associated in the "graphical method" found in statistics and electrical communications techniques for overcoming the aberrant manifestations produced by mechanical self-recorders. This new strategy for understanding occult phenomena coincides with the rise of what's been termed the "control society" of the "society of control" as well as the rise of protodigital and electronic media, wherein circulation, patterns, information, and code came to dominate the management and interpretation of inexplicable traces. While this approach solved many problems associated with the graphical method, we maintain that it also gave rise to "spectral epistemologies" that lodged figures of haunting, absence, and irrationality at the core of twentiethcentury media cultures. We focus on four case studies for documenting this transition: (1) the latenineteenth- century deployment of questionnaires and statistical analysis by philosophers William James and Charles Sanders Peirce to explain psychic phenomena, (2) Gregory Bateson's cybernetic studies of madness, (3) international scientists' search for extra-terrestrial communication, and (4) linguist Konstantin Raudive's studies of ghost-messages in electronic communications. These case studies how the same statistical and informational technologies meant to address the shortcomings of nineteenth-century sciences also incorporated new forms of irrationality and haunting into the heart of modern communication cultures. The result of our study is a new account of how changing technical configurations shape the production and regulation of scientific and occult knowledge in modern cultures of data and communications.

在漫长的十九世纪中，自记录仪器成为科学文化中真理和客观性的主要仲裁者。在自然科学、工程学甚至神秘学中，自动仪器将异常和不稳定的现象转化为客观痕迹，以便进行理性分析和检查。从生理学到神秘学，自书写工具能够客观记录人类感知前沿的转瞬即逝的现象。在我们研究的第一阶段，我们展示了自写工具的兴起如何在科学和神秘领域产生知识，并塑造其在“霸权”和“非霸权”文化之间的循环。在我们项目的第二阶段，我们扩展了这一分析，以考虑信息和统计技术如何包容和改变与十九世纪自写工具相关的认知文化。科学家们对统计和电子通信技术中发现的“图形方法”相关的神秘和光谱表现的激增感到不安，这种方法可以克服机械自记录仪产生的异常表现。这种理解神秘现象的新策略恰逢“控制社会”的“控制社会”的兴起，以及原始数字和电子媒体的兴起，其中流通、模式、信息和代码开始主导对难以解释的痕迹的管理和解释。虽然这种方法解决了与图形方法相关的许多问题，但我们认为它也引发了“光谱认识论”，将令人难以忘怀、缺席和非理性的形象置于二十世纪媒体文化的核心。我们重点关注记录这一转变的四个案例研究：(1) 十九世纪末哲学家威廉·詹姆斯和查尔斯·桑德斯·皮尔斯使用问卷和统计分析来解释心理现象，(2) 格雷戈里·贝特森对疯狂的控制论研究，(3) 国际科学家对地外交流的探索，以及 (4) 语言学家康斯坦丁·劳迪夫对幽灵信息的研究电子通讯。这些案例研究了相同的统计和信息技术如何解决十九世纪科学的缺陷，同时如何将新形式的非理性和困扰纳入现代传播文化的核心。我们的研究结果是对不断变化的技术配置如何影响现代数据和通信文化中科学和神秘知识的生产和监管的新解释。