Dimensional Comparison Theory: Extension to the 'Big Two', agency and communion

继维度比较理论(DCT，Möller&Marsh，2013)之后，维度比较是对个人在不同领域的能力的内部比较：基于内部/外部参照框架模型(I/E模型，Marsh，1986)的实证研究揭示了维度比较的结果，例如，数学成绩对学生的言语自我概念(和v.v.)的负面影响。数学成绩好于德语成绩的学生会提高他们的数学自我概念，降低他们的言语自我概念(同时控制相应的成绩)。DCT在十个假设中阐述了维度比较对自我概念、动机和情绪的影响，并假设维度比较在自我知觉的形成中也起着作用，而不是学术上的，比如人格特征。代理(能力)和交流这两大维度(温馨；Paulhus&Trappnell，2008；Abele&Wojciszke，2014)是DCT扩展的理想候选者，因为它们对人们的自我知觉至关重要，因为这两个维度在自我知觉中都是相互独立的(Abele，2003)，数学和语言自我概念也是如此。将DCT和I/E模型的理论假设和研究设计转移到对代理和共享这两大因素的研究上，将通过克服这两种方法的特定局限性来扩展这两种方法。一方面，I/E模型可以通过证明维度和社会比较在社会判断的基本维度(如代理和交流)的中心方面并置的想法来扩展。另一方面，关于代理和交流的理论和研究通过整合社会，特别是几乎不被考虑的维度比较过程来扩展，作为建立代理和公共自我描述之间相互关系的可能机制。为了回答我们的研究问题，维度比较效应对大二的迁移将通过一项纵向研究、四项实验研究和一项内省研究来证明。

Following from the newly emerging Dimensional Comparison Theory (DCT, Möller & Marsh, 2013), dimensional comparisons are internal comparisons of one`s own abilities in different domains: empirical studies based on the Internal/External-frame-of-reference model (I/E model, Marsh, 1986) have revealed the negative effects of, e.g., a math grade on a students` verbal self-concept (and v.v.), as a consequence of dimensional comparisons. Students who receive better feedback in math than in German will increase their math self-concept and decrease their verbal self-concept (while controlling for the corresponding achievement). DCT addresses the antecedents and consequences of dimensional comparisons for self-concept, motivation, and emotion, in ten hypotheses, and posits that dimensional comparisons also play a role in the formation of self-perceptions other than academic, such as personality characteristics.The Big Two of agency (competence) and communion (warmth; Paulhus & Trappnell, 2008; Abele & Wojciszke, 2014) are ideal candidates for an extension of the DCT, since they are centrally important to people`s self-perception, and because both dimensions are independent of each other in self-perception (Abele, 2003), as are math and verbal self-concepts. Transferring the theoretical assumptions and the research designs of the DCT and the I/E model to research on the Big Two of agency and communion, will extend both approaches, by overcoming their specific limitations. On the one hand, the I/E model can be extended by proving the idea of the juxtaposition of dimensional and social comparisons in central aspects of fundamental dimensions of social judgment such as agency and communion. On the other hand, theory and research on agency and communion are extended by integrating social and, in particular, barely-considered dimensional comparison processes, as possible mechanisms establishing the interrelations between agentic and communal self-descriptions. To answer our research questions the transferability of the dimensional comparison effect to the Big Two will be proved by one longitudinal study, four experimental studies, and one introspective study.