Dimensional Comparison Theory: Extension to the 'Big Two', agency and communion

根据新近出现的维度比较理论（DCT，Möller & Marsh，2013），维度比较是一个人在不同领域对自己能力的内部比较：基于内部/外部参考框架模型（I/E模型，Marsh，1986）的实证研究揭示了以下因素的负面影响：学生口头自我概念（和v. v.）的数学成绩，作为尺寸比较的结果。在数学方面获得比德语更好反馈的学生将增加他们的数学自我概念，减少他们的口头自我概念（同时控制相应的成就）。DCT提出了自我概念、动机和情感维度比较的前因和后果，提出了十个假设，并假定维度比较在形成除学术以外的自我感知（如人格特征）方面也发挥了作用。（能力）和共融（温暖; Paulhus & Trappnell，2008; Abele & Wojciszke，2014）是DCT扩展的理想候选人，因为它们对人们的自我感知至关重要，因为这两个维度在自我感知中是相互独立的（Abele，2003），数学和语言自我概念也是如此。将DCT和I/E模型的理论假设和研究设计转移到对代理和共融这两大问题的研究中，将通过克服它们的特定局限性来扩展这两种方法。一方面，I/E模型可以通过证明维度和社会比较在社会判断的基本维度（如能动性和共融性）的中心方面的并置来扩展。另一方面，通过整合社会，特别是几乎没有考虑的维度比较过程，作为建立代理和社区自我描述之间相互关系的可能机制，扩展了关于代理和共融的理论和研究。为了回答我们的研究问题的可转移性的尺寸比较效果的两大将证明一个纵向研究，四个实验研究，和一个内省的研究。

Following from the newly emerging Dimensional Comparison Theory (DCT, Möller & Marsh, 2013), dimensional comparisons are internal comparisons of one`s own abilities in different domains: empirical studies based on the Internal/External-frame-of-reference model (I/E model, Marsh, 1986) have revealed the negative effects of, e.g., a math grade on a students` verbal self-concept (and v.v.), as a consequence of dimensional comparisons. Students who receive better feedback in math than in German will increase their math self-concept and decrease their verbal self-concept (while controlling for the corresponding achievement). DCT addresses the antecedents and consequences of dimensional comparisons for self-concept, motivation, and emotion, in ten hypotheses, and posits that dimensional comparisons also play a role in the formation of self-perceptions other than academic, such as personality characteristics.The Big Two of agency (competence) and communion (warmth; Paulhus & Trappnell, 2008; Abele & Wojciszke, 2014) are ideal candidates for an extension of the DCT, since they are centrally important to people`s self-perception, and because both dimensions are independent of each other in self-perception (Abele, 2003), as are math and verbal self-concepts. Transferring the theoretical assumptions and the research designs of the DCT and the I/E model to research on the Big Two of agency and communion, will extend both approaches, by overcoming their specific limitations. On the one hand, the I/E model can be extended by proving the idea of the juxtaposition of dimensional and social comparisons in central aspects of fundamental dimensions of social judgment such as agency and communion. On the other hand, theory and research on agency and communion are extended by integrating social and, in particular, barely-considered dimensional comparison processes, as possible mechanisms establishing the interrelations between agentic and communal self-descriptions. To answer our research questions the transferability of the dimensional comparison effect to the Big Two will be proved by one longitudinal study, four experimental studies, and one introspective study.