Application potential of articulated coupled drive and guide elements for increase of movement dynamics and accuracy

随着传统进给轴和高速切割机(HSC)的动力性不断增强，切割机床的惯性力相对于过程作用力明显增大。解决此动态问题的一种方法是在每个轴上使用多个驱动器(并行化)。异形导轨和滚珠丝杠在许多工程领域，特别是在机床工程中，被确定为标准的机械零件，用于直线轴的导轨和驱动。它们的设计方式是，它们只允许在导向方向、进给方向和围绕进给轴进行运动。当将它们组合到一个进给轴上时，即使是微小的形状偏差和/或关于元件彼此位置的偏差也会导致机械张力。为了确保高质量的运动和减少由于超定造成的机械应力，需要非常小的制造和装配公差。然而，降低这些制造和装配公差有技术和/或经济限制。控制内修正是通过使用平行化驱动轴来减小运动误差的一种潜在解决方案。该方法需要铰接式结构连接以将驱动和引导元件连接到结构上。在具有并行驱动的机器中，例如具有多个主轴的伺服主轴压力机或具有龙门驱动的工具机，在运动方向上会发生额外的机械超定。对于这个问题，明确的结构连接也是潜在的解决方案。因此，拟议的研究项目的目标是从根本上和系统地研究铰接式驱动和引导元件的并联驱动的潜力，以通过机械解耦平行驱动轴来增加动力学，并通过修正运动误差来提高精度。为了实现这些目标，开发了并行驱动的参数机床模型，用于分析数字块仿真中的典型轴构型和结构尺寸。通过这些由驱动器、控制器和弹性结构部件组成的模型，以及主要影响因素的系统变化，进行了一项研究，以确定驱动元件和导向元件之间具有铰接连接的并联驱动器以及用于隔离和校正目的的结构的应用要求和限制。

The trend for cutting machine tools towards increasing dynamics for both conventional feed axes as well as machines for high-speed cutting (HSC) leads to significantly higher inertia forces in relation to the process forces. One approach for solving this dynamic problem is to use multiple drives per axis (parallelization). Profile rail guides and ball screws are established as standard machine elements in many areas of engineering, particularly in machine tool engineering, for guides and drives of linear axes. They are designed in such a way that they allow motion only in guide direction, feed direction, and about the feed axis. When combining them to one feed axis, even small form deviations and/or deviations regarding the elements position to each other lead to mechanical tensions. In order to ensure high quality of motion and reduce mechanical stresses due to overdetermination, very small manufacturing and assembly tolerances are required. However, lowering these manufacturing and assembly tolerances has technical and/or economic limits. The in-control correction is one potential solution for reducing the motion error by using parallelized drive axes. The method requires articulate structural connections to attach drive and guide elements to the structure. In machines with parallelized drives, such as servo spindle presses with a plurality of spindles or tool machines with gantry drives, additional mechanical overdetermination occurs in the direction of motion. For this problem articulate structural connections are also potential solutions. Objective of the proposed research project is, therefore, to fundamentally and systematically investigate the potential of parallel drives with articulated drive and guide elements to increase dynamics by mechanically decoupling parallel drive axes and to improve accuracy by correcting motion errors. In order to achieve these goals, parametric machine models with parallel drives for analyzing representative axis configurations and structural dimensions in digital block simulations are developed. By means of these models, which consist of drives, controllers, and elastic structural components, and a systematic variation of the main influences, a study is conducted which allows for determining the requirements and limits of application of parallel drives with articulate connections between drive and guide elements and the structure for isolation and correction purposes.