Maltese plurals: phonotactics, variation and the structure of the mentallexicon.

马耳他语复数：音位学、变异和心理词典的结构。

• 批准号: 274147102
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Ruben van de Vijver
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/274147102?language=en
• 关键词: Maltese; plurals; phonotactics; variation; structure

The first phase has shown that Maltese speakers rely on their lexicon to generalize the complexities of the singular-plural mappings to novel words. Their generalizations depend on the phonotactics of singular words they know and the accompanying plural forms. Such complex mappings can only be achieved with a large lexicon: The smaller the cohort of similar words for a singular-plural mapping for a new word, the smaller the degree of confidence for a generalization. Another important finding is that adults treat sound plurals different from broken plurals. What is not clear, though, is whether this is evidence for a model in which generalizations concerning sound plurals are the result of rule application and generalizations concerning broken plurals are the result of pattern associations.  We will study the acquisition of singular-plural mappings in order to better understand this problem. The growing lexicon of children will provide us with excellent data to test whether they rely on analogies alone or on rules and analogies. Should children rely on analogies, we expect there to be effects of frequency and phonotactics across all ages. Should they rely on rules and analogies, we expect there to be some generalizations that are independent of the frequencies of words in their lexicon and others that do rely on the frequency of words in their lexicon.  The present project will test these expectations by studying the acquisition of 3-year-olds, 5-year-olds, 7-year-olds and 9-year-olds. The intuitions of children concerning the singular-plural mappings are then expected to change with a growing lexicon—in other words, with age.  We will complement our experiments by modelling the results of our acquisition studies in different computational models to test specific hypotheses about the nature of the generalizations and the processing that underlies them.

第一阶段表明，马耳他语使用者依靠他们的词汇来概括单复数映射到新单词的复杂性。他们的概括依赖于他们所知道的单数词的语音和伴随的复数形式。这种复杂的映射只能通过大型词典来实现：新单词的单复数映射的相似单词队列越小，概括的置信度就越小。另一个重要的发现是，成年人对待正确的复数和破碎的复数是不同的。然而，尚不清楚的是，这是否是一个模型的证据，在这个模型中，关于发音复数的概括是规则应用的结果，而关于断裂复数的概括是模式联想的结果。 为了更好地理解这个问题，我们将研究奇异-复数映射的获取。儿童词汇的不断增长将为我们提供出色的数据来测试他们是单独依赖类比还是依赖规则和类比。如果孩子们依赖类比，我们希望在所有年龄段都有频率和语音的影响。如果他们依赖于规则和类比，我们预计会有一些泛化是独立于词汇在他们的词典中的频率和其他依赖于词汇在他们的词典中的频率。 本项目将通过研究3岁、5岁、7岁和9岁儿童的习得来检验这些期望。儿童关于单复数映射的直觉，然后预计将随着不断增长的词汇，换句话说，随着年龄的增长而变化。我们将补充我们的实验，通过模拟我们的收购研究的结果，在不同的计算模型，以测试特定的假设的性质的概括和处理，他们的基础。