"Circulating Passions: Knowing and doing emotions in 17th century China"

中国情境下的情绪史还远远不是一个定义明确的研究领域。然而，人们普遍认识到，情感词汇在时间和地点以及意识形态方面有所不同，并且在美学，哲学，伦理和医学背景下，情感的感知和概念化是不同的。因此，中国是否了解心理学，或者个人的内在状态是否被概念化，这些问题在很大程度上仍然没有答案。我们极度缺失的是对日常经验和相关实践的文本进行微观的细读。这就是这本书所要讲述的：情感、感觉和情绪，在17世纪一个重大动荡和意外经历的时期，在医学著作中被文本化了。在空间上，研究文本源于江南宏观区域。“情”（“感觉、情感、激情、爱、感情、情境敏感性”）作为人类本质的突出特征，作为人类存在的自然和必要的表达，出现在16、17世纪的文学作品中。基于人文主义、主观主义和个人主义的思想，学者们寻求与欧洲启蒙运动的比较，因为在这里，过于主观的感受将对现行规范的批评作为做出改变的理由。被称为“情感崇拜”的“爱、感觉、情感”的语义在历时性和同步性方面都有所不同。本书强烈关注传递情感和敏感性含义的术语，展示了如何在确定的时间-地点-关系中探索，描述和分析情感的雄心勃勃的目标，可以以高度透明的方式实现。这是对医学、文学和哲学观点进行多层次分析的基础，重点是愤怒、恐惧、痛苦、抑郁或深度沮丧、幸福、渴望和羞耻，因为这些情绪在当时的医学文献中最为突出。它们不是以私人的灵魂状态出现，而是在内脏中被执行的过程，或者是脉动的电流，或者是纠结的思想，或者是炽热的火焰。而且，这些循环的情感在社会空间中同时以循环的力量出现。当情绪和激情的脉动过度到停滞和循环停止的程度时，医生就会发挥作用，他们仔细地描述了情绪过程的各种病理表现。这本书避免了任何匆忙的抽象和概括，而是着眼于导致探索社会空间和身体之间联系的特殊性。

The history of emotions in the Chinese context is still far from being a well-defined field of research. It is generally recognized however that the emotion lexicon differed in terms of time and place, as well as in terms of ideospheres, and that emotions are differently perceived and conceptualized in aesthetic, philosophical, ethical and medical contexts. As a result, questions of whether China knew about psychology or not, or whether individual inner states of being have conceptualized or not remain largely unanswered. What is extremely missing, are microscopic-like close readings of texts that refer to everyday experiences and related practices. This is what this book is about: emotions, feelings and moods, as were textualized in medical writings during a period of significant upheaval and experiences of contingency in the 17th century. Spatially, the investigated texts stem from the Jiangnan macro-region. Qing ("feeling, emotion, passion, love, affection, situational sensitivity") appears in 16th and 17th centuries' literary writings as outstanding feature of intrinsically human beings, as natural and necessary expression of human existence. Based on the idea of humanism, subjectivism and individualism scholars sought the comparison with the European enlightenment, because here too subjective feelings apply criticism of prevailing norms as justifications for making change. Coined as the "cult of emotions", the semantics of the terms regarding "love, feeling, emotion" however vary in diachronic as much as in synchronous perspective. With a strong concern for terms that transport meanings of emotions and sensitivities this book demonstrates how the ambitious goal exploring, describing and analyzing emotions within a determined time-place-relation can be achieved in a highly transparent way. This being the foundational ground for the multi-level analysis of medical, literary and philosophical views the focus is on anger, fear, pain, depression or deep dejection, happiness, yearning and shame, since these emotions appear most prominently in the medical texts of the time. They do not appear as private soul-states, but rather as performed processes within the entrails either as pulsating currents or as knotted thoughts, or as blazing fire. Moreover, these circulating emotions simultaneously appear as circulating powers in the social space. When the emotions and passions pulsate too excessively to the extent of stagnation and circulation will stop, physicians come into play, and they carefully described the various pathological manifestations of emotion processes. This book refrains from any haste abstraction and generalization, and looks at particularities that lead to explore the very conjunctions between the social space and the body.