Antikes Judentum: Henochs Reisen durch die Sphären der himmlischen und irdischen Welt: Stratifikation von Schriftauslegung und mythischem Stoff in der Henochliteratur

古代犹太教：以诺的天地世界之旅：以诺文学中的圣经解释和神话材料的分层

• 批准号: 277136597
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Reinhard Gregor Kratz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Niedersächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/277136597?language=en
• 关键词: Antikes; Judentum; Henochs; Reisen; durch

The topic of the planned sub-project will be the relationship between scriptural interpretation and mythical material in 1 Enoch especially in the Book of Watchers (1 Enoch 1¿36) and the Parables (1 Enoch 37¿71). In a brief note in the book of Genesis (Gen 5:24), the Hebrew Bible reports that the antediluvian ancestor Enoch ¿walked with God¿ and, therefore, ¿was taken¿ by God subsequently. This verse serves as the point of departure for the description of the cosmic journeys in the Book of Watchers. Here, Enoch ¿ in a vision ¿ traverses the heavens and the most remote realms of the earth. In the Parables Enoch discloses his cosmic knowledge to the inhabitants of the earth. Finally he is exalted and identified with the Son of Man. Both parts of 1 Enoch heavily depend on the biblical Vorlage, i. e. on literary works that were regarded as authoritative and are thus quoted, reformulated, supplemented and interpreted. At the same time, both parts present a series of mythical material that can only remotely ¿ if at all ¿ be correlated with the biblical text. Here it is sensible to assume the influence of other (oral or written) traditions that were incorporated into the presentation of the Book of Enoch. As a result we have to investigate the stratification and origin of the material and presuppose three layers: a) the biblical Vorlage, b) the mythical tradition, and c) the creativity and contemporaryhistorical context of the author.Consequently, the aims of the sub-project consist of a methodologically guided differentiation of the mythical materials in the Book of Watchers and the Parables of 1 Enoch for the purpose of a comparison and stratification of the material in light of the three layers: a) the Hebrew Bible, b) the extrabiblical Jewish or non-Jewish (i. e. Ancient Near Eastern and Greek) traditions, and c) contemporary and religion-historical context of 1 Enoch, its manuscript traditions as well as possible literary precursors. In this way we will establish a historical understanding of mythical traditions in ancient Judaism of the Greco-Roman period as well as pave the way for comparative work on ancient myth. Finally it is the aim of the sub-project ¿ especially in regard to the field of Hebrew Bible studies, but also in comparative regard ¿ to clarify the relationship between tradition-history, literary- and textual-history using 1 Enoch as an example. This will help to arrive at a better understanding of the origin and impact of Jewish apocalypticism. The sub-project sees itself as significant contribution to the preparation of an interdisciplinary source base for the research into myth and for the digital cartography of mythemes and motifs for a change of spheres in antiquity.

计划子项目的主题将是圣经解释和以诺一书中神话材料之间的关系，特别是在守望者之书（以诺一书1章36节）和比喻（以诺一书37章71节）。在《创世纪》（创5:24）的一个简短注释中，希伯来圣经记载了上古时代的祖先以诺“与上帝同行”，因此后来被上帝带走了。这节经文是《守望者之书》中描述宇宙之旅的起点。在这里，以诺在异象中穿越了天堂和地球上最遥远的国度。以诺在比喻中向地上的居民揭示了他的宇宙知识。最后他被高举，与人子等同。《以诺记》的两个部分都很大程度上依赖于《圣经》，也就是说，依赖于被认为是权威的文学作品，因此被引用、重新表述、补充和解释。与此同时，这两个部分都呈现了一系列神话材料，这些材料即使与圣经文本有任何关联，也只能说是微乎其微。在这里，假设其他（口头或书面）传统的影响被纳入以诺书的呈现是明智的。因此，我们必须调查材料的分层和起源，并预设三个层次：a)圣经的Vorlage， b)神话传统，c)作者的创造力和当代历史背景。因此，子项目的目标包括对《守望者之书》和《以诺书》中的神话材料进行方法论指导的区分，目的是根据三个层次对材料进行比较和分层：a)希伯来圣经，b)圣经以外的犹太人或非犹太人（即古代近东和希腊）传统，以及c)以诺记的当代和宗教历史背景，其手稿传统以及可能的文学先驱。通过这种方式，我们将建立对希腊罗马时期古代犹太教神话传统的历史理解，并为古代神话的比较工作铺平道路。最后，这是子项目的目的，特别是在希伯来圣经研究领域，但也在比较方面，澄清传统历史，文学和文本历史之间的关系，以《以诺记》为例。这将有助于更好地理解犹太启示论的起源和影响。子项目认为自己对准备一个跨学科的资源基础做出了重大贡献，以研究神话，并为古代领域变化的主题和主题的数字制图。