Beyond the Crisis in Pentateuchal Studies: Benno Jacob as Instigator for Modern Pentateuchal Exegesis

本诺·雅各布(1862-1945)死后出版的《出埃及记》(1997年)和他的再版《创世纪》(2000年，首次出版于1934年)在《摩西五经》学术中受到广泛和积极的欢迎：这两种评论都被称为“经典的圣经解释文学”。他的关于利未记评论的作品以前没有出版过，因此几乎不为人所知。它们是本诺·雅各布文学遗产的一部分，2013年至2017年，耶路撒冷希伯来大学的西蒙·格桑德海特教授和汉斯-克里斯托夫·奥林教授对这些作品进行了编目和部分转录。在这项准备工作之后，DFG项目的第一阶段(2017-2020年)允许对由此产生的早期基础五经研究进行编辑、评论并与当前的研究进行对话。其结果，即本诺·雅各布关于上帝之名问题的手稿，特别是关于源头批评的手稿，以及关于历史批判性研究和一般训诫的手稿，将于2020年与卡尔沃-韦拉格一起出版。随着这一卷的成功出版，该项目现在可以将注意力转向他对Lev 1-3；8和17-20的评论以及关于这本书的主题文章。1941年，在流亡伦敦期间，本诺·雅各布在《利未记》一书中写道：“我成功地解开了即使是最复杂的结。人们无法相信这种所谓的干物质是多么有趣，(字面意思是)它是多么美味。”这项工作也使他几次修改了《出埃及记》注释中的解释。其中，他决定评论《出埃及记29》中描述的任命只与利未记8有关。这一解释的出版和其他手稿从本诺雅各布遗产，从而完成了他的有影响力的《出埃及记》注释，并提供了新的注释角度对所谓的祭司写作(Priester Schrift)和圣典。本诺·雅各布将文本解释为一种语言艺术作品，并对历时研究进行了激烈的批评，这为历史批判性和经典性的诠释者提供了重要的参考点。为了便于阅读，将为所有手稿准备详细的介绍--就像项目第一阶段一样--它将显示本诺·雅各布当时的研究状况和目前的研究状况，并将本诺·雅各布的文字观察和解释与当前的学术话语进行对话。除了引言，手稿还将再次加上脚注注释。

Benno Jacob's (1862–1945) posthumously published Exodus Commentary (1997) and his re-published Genesis Commentary (2000, first published in 1934) are widely and positively received in Pentateuch scholarship: Both commentaries are called "Classic Literature of Bible Interpretation". His works on a Leviticus Commentary are previously unpublished and therefore almost unknown. They are part of Benno Jacob's literary estate, which was catalogued and partly transcribed by Prof. Dr. Shimon Gesundheit and Dr. Hans-Christoph Aurin at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem from 2013 to 2017. Subsequent to this preparatory work, a first phase of this DFG-project (2017–2020) allowed the resulting fundamental, early Pentateuch studies to be edited, commented on and placed in dialogue with current research. The result, i.e. Benno Jacob’s manuscripts on the problem of the names of God, on source criticism in particular and on historical-critical research and exege-sis in general, among other things, will be published in 2020 with Calwer-Verlag. Following the successful publication of this volume, the project can now turn its attention to his commentaries on Lev 1–3; 8 and 17–20 as well as thematic essays on this book. In 1941, while in exile in London, Benno Jacob wrote about his work on the book Leviticus: "I have succeeded in untangling even the most intricate knots. One cannot believe how interesting this supposedly dry matter is and (literally!) how tasty it is." This work also led him to revise his interpretations in the Exodus commentary several times. Among other things, he decided to comment on the ordination described in Exodus 29 only in connection with Leviticus 8. The publication of this interpretation and the other manuscripts from the estate of Benno Jacob thus completes his influential Exodus Commentary and offers new exegetical perspectives on the so-called Priestly Writing (Priesterschrift) and the Holiness Code. Benno Jacob’s interpretation of the text as a linguistic work of art and his vehement criticism of diachronic research offer important points of reference both for historically critical and canonically working exegetes. To make the work easier to access, detailed introductions will be prepared for all manu-scripts – as in the first phase of the project – which will show both the state of research at the time of Benno Jacob and the current state of research and will bring Benno Jacob’s textual observations and interpretations into dialogue with the current scholarly discourse. In addition to the introductions, the manuscripts will again be annotated by footnotes.