Qumran Digital: Text and Lexicon

来自库姆兰和死海附近其他遗址的手稿为理解古代犹太教提供了独特的贡献。大约一千份残缺的手稿填补了圣经和拉比希伯来语和阿拉姆语之间的空白。语料库的研究在过去三十年中经历了巨大的发展，目前正在发生重大变化。新的图像数据库能够改进手稿的阅读和识别。因此，权威的四十卷文本版本（DJD）现在已经过时了。在过去的二十年里，有超过两百种新的文本版本被创造出来，每一种都有自己的优点和缺点。这种情况给昆兰研究和邻近领域的研究提出了一个问题。没有一个中央机构来管理大量的文本元数据，特别是建议的不同解读，该领域仍然缺乏一本全面的死海古卷语言学词典。该项目的目的是第一次以数字方式编纂完整的语言学词典（语言学历史、形态学、语义学），并在网上以开放获取的方式逐篇发布，最终呈现卷轴的完整文本（包括中世纪本西拉手稿、阿拉姆语利瓦伊文献和大马士革文献）以及研究文献中提出的各种替代阅读。希伯来语词典的四分之一已经完成，并将在项目开始时在线提供。所有数据都将以数字方式进行访问，以便用户能够深入了解字典条目背后的个人决策，同时为文本本身的进一步研究（语法分析，引文注释等）提供整个文本语料库的广泛元数据材料。项目的所有方面都是基于我们自己的，国际公认的准备工作。为这些任务专门开发的数据库已经存在，但需要加以调整，首先是关于公共网络的可访问性。该数据库是数字人文领域的典范，目前不仅被Göttingen科学与人文学院的Qumranwörterbuch项目所使用，而且也是德国-以色列DFG项目Scripta Qumranica Electronica （SQE）的核心，它能够作为进一步科学努力的基础知识库。在计划的12年项目结束时，数据库可能会继续不受限制地在许多方面为库姆兰研究领域及其他领域的研究提供有价值的服务。

The manuscripts from Qumran and other sites near the Dead Sea provide a unique contribution to the understanding of ancient Judaism. About one thousand fragmentary manuscripts fill the gap between biblical and rabbinic Hebrew and Aramaic. Research on the corpus has experienced a tremendous upswing in the last thirty years and is currently undergoing significant changes. New image databases enable improved readings and identifications of manuscripts. Thus, the authoritative forty volume text editions (DJD) have now become outdated. Over two hundred new text editions have been created in the last twenty years, each with their own strengths and weaknesses. This situation poses a problem both for Qumran studies and adjacent fields of research. A central body managing the abundance of metadata of the texts, especially the proposed different readings, does not exist, and the field still lacks a comprehensive philological dictionary of the Dead Sea Scrolls.The aim of this project is to compile digitally for the first time a complete philological dictionary (linguistic history, morphology, semantics), and to publish it online in open access, article by article, and ultimately to present the complete text of the scrolls (including the medieval manuscripts of Ben Sira, Aramaic Levi Document, and Damascus Document) alongside the various alternate readings proposed in research literature. A quarter of the Hebrew dictionary has already been completed and will be made available online at the beginning of the project. All data will be made digitally accessible in order to give users insight into the individual decisions underlying the dictionary entries and at the same time to provide the whole text-corpus with extensive material of metadata for further research of the texts themselves (syntactic analyses, epigraphic notes, etc.). All facets of the project are based on our own, internationally recognized preparatory work. A database specially developed for these tasks already exists, but needs to be adapted, first of all with regard to public web accessibility. The database, which is exemplary in the field of Digital Humanities, is currently not only in use by the Qumranwörterbuch project of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities but also stands at the heart of the German-Israeli DFG project Scripta Qumranica Electronica (SQE), and it is able to serve as a foundational knowledge base for further scientific endeavors. At the end of the proposed twelve-year project, the database may continue without restriction to render valuable service in many ways to research in the field of Qumran studies and beyond.