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MEntal Representation of ODors: from physical features to perceptual processing

气味的心理表征：从物理特征到感知处理

基本信息

批准号：
281693005
负责人：
Professor Dr. Thomas Hummel
金额：
--
依托单位：
Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/281693005?language=en
关键词：
MEntal Representation ODors physical features

项目摘要

Around the turn of the century the idea that civilized human beings might do without olfaction became outdated: this inarticulate sense, hitherto considered superfluous to cognition, became a focus of study in its own right. It was acknowledged as an object of science by Nobel prizes; in addition, society ecame more hedonistic, and hence more attentive to the emotional effects of odors. Odors are sources of both pleasure and social bonding; they influence our sexuality and relations with others in general and with our children in particular. They contribute to our emotional balance: olfactory damage impairs this equilibrium. An important issue in cognitive psychology is to understand how the human brain represents odor objects. Representation of visual objects is far better understood; we know that physical and perceptual attributes of visual stimuli are represented in a distributed and hierarchical manner, but it is still unclear how chemical properties of odorant molecules and perceptual aspects of odors are represented along the human olfactory pathway. In the present project, we hypothesize that the multidimensional representation of odors is the result of a neural mechanism that processes similarities of chemical information and perceptual information at various stages of the olfactory system. Three sets of experiments embedded in 3 Tasks combining the efforts of a German team (Hummel lab at the Technical Unversity of Dresden) and a French team (Bensafi lab at the University of Lyon and CNRS) will be conducted. In the first Task, we shall realize a series of extensive psychophysical experiments in both France and Germany in a large sample of participants to define a set of odorants varying in chemical and perceptual properties. This odor database will enable selection of odors used in the two following, independent experimental tasks performed in Dresden and Lyon. In the second experimental Task, the role of central olfactory areas (piriform cortex, amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex) in extracting both chemical and perceptual similarities across odorants and odors will be tested in novices (non-experts) and experts in olfaction (perfumers, who have higher discrimination abilities about odors). In the third Task, the role of the human olfactory bulb (the first relay of odor information) in extracting chemical similarities across odorants will be explored. In a second aim, we will promote scientific culture and communication on olfaction in the general public and in higher education based on the original findings from the project. Thus, the present project aims to position itself in international competition with original objectives. It combines expertise in human olfaction and cognitive psychology. It aims to better understand mental representation of smells, in a fundamental perspective for deciphering their neural organization, and in an educational perspective for providing original courses i the field of psychology of smells.

大约在世纪之交，认为文明人没有嗅觉也可以生活的观点变得过时了：这种迄今为止被认为是对认知来说是多余的、无法表达的感觉，它本身就成为了研究的焦点。它被诺贝尔奖认定为科学研究的对象；此外，社会变得更加享乐主义，因此更加关注气味对情感的影响。气味是愉悦和社会联系的源泉；它们一般会影响我们的性行为和与他人的关系，尤其是与孩子的关系。它们有助于我们的情绪平衡：嗅觉损伤会破坏这种平衡。认知心理学中的一个重要问题是了解人类大脑如何表征气味物体。视觉对象的表现被更好地理解；我们知道视觉刺激的物理和感知属性是以分布式和分层的方式表示的，但仍然不清楚气味分子的化学性质和气味的感知方面是如何沿着人类嗅觉途径表示的。在本项目中，我们假设气味的多维表征是一种神经机制的结果，该机制在嗅觉系统的各个阶段处理化学信息和感知信息的相似性。德国团队（德累斯顿工业大学的Hummel实验室）和法国团队（里昂大学的Bensafi实验室和法国国家科学研究中心）将在3个任务中进行三组实验。在第一个任务中，我们将在法国和德国实现一系列广泛的心理物理实验，在参与者的大样本中定义一组在化学和感知特性上不同的气味。这个气味数据库将能够选择在德累斯顿和里昂进行的两个独立实验任务中使用的气味。在第二个实验任务中，中央嗅觉区域（梨状皮质、杏仁核和眶额皮质）在提取气味和气味之间的化学和感知相似性方面的作用将在新手（非专家）和嗅觉专家（对气味有更高辨别能力的调香师）中进行测试。在第三个任务中，将探讨人类嗅球（气味信息的第一个中继）在提取气味物质的化学相似性中的作用。第二个目标是，我们将根据该项目的原始发现，在公众和高等教育中促进嗅觉的科学文化和交流。因此，本项目的目的是在国际竞争中定位自己的原始目标。它结合了人类嗅觉和认知心理学的专业知识。它旨在更好地理解气味的心理表征，从基础的角度来解读它们的神经组织，从教育的角度来提供气味心理学领域的原创课程。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（13）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Structural Plasticity of the Primary and Secondary Olfactory cortices: Increased Gray Matter Volume Following Surgical Treatment for Chronic Rhinosinusitis

初级和次级嗅皮质的结构可塑性：慢性鼻窦炎手术治疗后灰质体积增加

DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.10.011
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Neuroscience
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Whitcroft KL;Fischer J;Raue C;Bensafi M;Gudziol V;Andrews P;Hummel T
通讯作者：
Hummel T

Olfactory Training Using Heavy and Light Weight Molecule Odors

DOI：
10.1177/0301006616672881
发表时间：
2017-03-01
期刊：
PERCEPTION
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Poletti, Sophia C.;Michel, Elisabeth;Hummel, Thomas
通讯作者：
Hummel, Thomas

A methodological investigation of a flexible surface MRI coil to obtain functional signals from the human olfactory bulb

DOI：
10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108624
发表时间：
2020-02
期刊：
Journal of Neuroscience Methods
影响因子：
3
作者：
A. Fournel;E. Iannilli;C. Ferdenzi;A. Werner;Thomas Hummel;Moustafa Bensafi
通讯作者：
A. Fournel;E. Iannilli;C. Ferdenzi;A. Werner;Thomas Hummel;Moustafa Bensafi

Neural processing of odor-associated words: an fMRI study in patients with acquired olfactory loss

气味相关词的神经处理：对获得性嗅觉丧失患者的功能磁共振成像研究