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RASSCO. The Development of public housing in Israel. German-Israeli institutionality in the wake of The Haavara Treaty and the Wiedergutmachung (1933 to 1973).

拉斯科。

基本信息

批准号：
284415754
负责人：
Dr. Ines Sonder
金额：
--
依托单位：
Moses Mendelssohn Zentrum für europäisch-jüdische Studien e. V. an der Universität Potsdam
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2014-12-31 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/284415754?language=en
关键词：
RASSCO.Development public housing Israel.

项目摘要

The foundation of the RASSCO (Rural and Suburban Settlement Company) in 1934 constituted a milestone in the development of the built-up environment of Jewish Palestine and the future State of Israel. Initiated by the German Department of the Jewish Agency, the RASSCO came to be a decisive instrument for the settlement and integration of German Jews driven into exile by Nazi recriminations, its model being the so-called middle-class settlement with supplementary income infrastructures. Its success in integrating the immigrants was - and still is by todays standards - outstanding. Operations of the company were directly linked to the so-called Haavara Treaty (1933) concluded between the German Reich, The Jewish Agency and the Zionist Organization of Germany; by its regulations, enormous flows of commodities and capital were channeled to Palestine. Especially the building sector of the country underwent a substantial boom: new instruments of capital accumulation, new methods of building standardization and an integrative planning of settlement and regional development were introduced. The activities of the RASSCO proved to have a prototypical function for the settlement and development policy of the State of Israel. Even after 1948, it retained a defining role within the national building production. Among the large-scale projects realized were the project planning and extension of the National Water Carrier, numerous agricultural settlements, residential neighbourhoods and communal facilities in the urban agglomerations as well as a multitude of major individual projects highly significant for the architectural culture in the country, such as the Eretz Israel-Museum and the Shalom Meir-Tower in Tel Aviv. Through its institutional and personnel interweavements, the RASSCO was closely integrated in the process of the German-Israeli rapprochement in the course of the so-called Wiedergutmachungsabkommen of 1952 and contributed to a large extent to the stabilization of economic relations between the FRG and Israel. The development of the RASSCO represents as institutional history an eminent part of German-Jewish respectively German-Israeli history in the 20th century; moreover, its building production represents a longitudinal section through the heroic phase of architectural modernism as it is characteristic in its specific form for the Zionist nation building between its initial years and the 1970s. The aim of the research study is to explore for the first time the institutional history of the RASSCO within a broad perspective of trans-disciplinary socio-economic, institutional and personal factors of influence and knowledge transfer, to grasp ist fundamental contribution for the development of public building in Palestine/Israel and to document its activities within the frame of a representative catalogue of oeuvres as well as in the context of the building production in Israel at large and international comparative examples.

1934年RASSCO（农村和郊区定居点公司）的成立是犹太巴勒斯坦和未来以色列国建筑环境发展的一个里程碑。RASSCO由犹太机构德国部发起，成为安置和融合因纳粹指责而流亡的德国犹太人的决定性工具，其模式是具有补充收入基础设施的所谓中产阶级定居点。它在移民融合方面的成功——以今天的标准来看仍然是——是杰出的。该公司的业务与德国帝国、犹太机构和德国犹太复国主义组织之间签订的所谓《哈瓦拉条约》（1933年）直接相关；根据其规定，大量商品和资本流入巴勒斯坦。特别是该国的建筑部门经历了实质性的繁荣：引入了新的资本积累工具，新的建筑标准化方法以及住区和区域发展的综合规划。拉斯科的活动证明对以色列国的定居和发展政策具有典型的作用。即使在1948年之后，它仍然在国家建筑生产中扮演着决定性的角色。在实现的大型项目中，包括国家水运的项目规划和扩建，众多农业定居点，住宅区和城市群的公共设施，以及对该国建筑文化具有重要意义的众多主要个人项目，如特拉维夫的以色列博物馆和Shalom meir塔。通过其机构和人员的相互配合，拉斯科在1952年所谓的“维也纳会议”过程中密切地参与了德以和解的进程，并在很大程度上促进了德意志联邦共和国和以色列之间经济关系的稳定。RASSCO的发展代表了20世纪德国-犹太人和德国-以色列历史的重要组成部分；此外，它的建筑作品代表了建筑现代主义英雄阶段的纵向剖面，因为它在最初几年到20世纪70年代之间的犹太复国主义国家建筑的具体形式中具有特色。这项研究的目的是首次从跨学科的社会经济、制度和个人因素的影响和知识转移的广泛角度探索RASSCO的制度历史。掌握其对巴勒斯坦/以色列公共建筑发展的基本贡献，并在具有代表性的作品目录框架内记录其活动，以及在整个以色列建筑生产和国际比较实例的背景下。