Interpretations and Transformations of the Doctrine of Postulates in the Debate between Neo-Kantianism, Materialism, Spiritualism, and Parapsychology around 1900

《S》项目的目标是调查著名作家在1900年前后围绕新康德主义、神秘主义、唯物主义、心理学和新教的知识和文化冲突中对康德的S公设学说的处理。出发点是观察到，与18世纪和19世纪初的辩论相反，作者在上述背景下对康德进行了一种激进的新解释。直到今天，这一新的解释形成了康德哲学的历史性和系统性分类。在以前的研究中，这些连词很少被考虑到。该项目调查那些冲突，在这些冲突中，与公设学说中的形而上学有关的决定性观点被创新性地转换和重新解释。这将以相关作者的核心文本为基础，这些作者也影响了对公设原则的解释，反对在知识领域之间划出的僵硬界限。唯心论/神秘学/超心理学：杜普雷尔、鲍曼、塞林、古巴尔克、阿克萨科夫。唯物主义(或一元论)：海克尔。康德道德哲学的心理学：哈特曼、W·冯特和德鲁斯。新康德主义有：温德尔班德、鲍赫、科恩、纳托普、里尔、维辛格、尤肯和W·冯特。为了确保其可行性，本文对1900年前后康德的S道德哲学的广泛接受进行了考察，主要集中在公设学说上。它将讨论后来接受康德的S著作的一个核心因素，这在很大程度上仍然没有得到研究。这项研究大致跨越了1900年左右的时间，从19世纪最后三分之一开始，一直延伸到第一次世界大战前夕。鉴于作者对唯物主义、神秘主义和新康德主义背景下出现的相互竞争的解释进行定义和区分的总趋势，分析将不仅包括对公设学说的接受和解释，而且还包括人与世界的两面性理论。这项工作的目标是在1900年前后对康德的解释进行语境化，这些解释是通过选择实践和修改这些战线之间的公设学说而出现的，但也通过具体立场的重叠而出现。从这些方面来看，新康德主义的诞生也将被整合到关于公设学说的解释和评估的争论中。这代表了一种对康德接受的一种历史神学的探究，而康德的接受一直没有得到学术上的关注。根据其历史背景，这一原始材料正在被纳入背景，以帮助在神学史、哲学以及系统神学等领域进行进一步研究。该项目的成果将以专著形式加以总结。

The project´s goal is the investigation of the treatment of Kant´s doctrine of postulates by well-known authors within the intellectual and cultural conflicts surrounding Neo-Kantianism, occultism, materialism, (para) Psychology, and (national) Protestantism around 1900. The point of departure is the observation that in opposition to the debates of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century one radical new interpretation of Kant was carried out by authors within the above-mentioned contexts. Up to this day, this new interpretation shapes the historical and systematic classification of Kantian philosophy. These conjunctions have received scant consideration in previous research. The project investigates those conflicts in which decisive points relevant to metaphysics within the doctrine of postulates were innovatively transformed and re-interpreted. This will take place on the basis of central texts of the relevant authors who also influenced the interpretation of the doctrine of postulates against the rigid lines drawn between the spheres of knowledge. For spiritualism/occultism/parapsychology: du Prel, Bormann, Seiling, Gubalke, Aksakow. For materialism (or monism): Haeckel. For the psychologisation of Kantian moral philosophy: Hartmann, W. Wundt, and Drews. And for Neo-Kantianism: Windelband, Bauch, Cohen, Natorp, Riehl, Vaihinger, Eucken, and W. Wundt. In order to ensure its feasibility, this inquiry into the widespread reception of Kant´s moral philosophy around 1900 will primarily focus on the doctrine of postulates. It will address one central element in the later reception of Kant´s writings, which, for most part, has remained unresearched. The study roughly spans the period around 1900, starting with the last third of the nineteenth century and extending right up to the eve of the First World War. In light of the general trend among the authors to define and distinguish themselves in relation to competing interpretations that emerged in the context of materialism, occultism, and Neo-Kantianism, the analysis will include not just the reception and interpretations of the doctrine of postulates but also the theory of the dual nature of man and the world. The goal of this work is the contextualization of Kant interpretations around 1900, which emerged through selection practices and modifications to the doctrine of postulates between these fronts, but also through the overlapping of concrete positions. From these points, the birth of Neo-Kantianism will also be integrated within the debate about the interpretation and assessment of the doctrine of postulates. This represents a historical-theological inquiry into a strand of Kant reception that has been accorded scant scholarly attention. Derived from its historical context, this source material is being contextualized to aid further research in fields, such as history of theology, philosophy as well as systematic theology. The results of the project will be summarized in a monograph.