An atypical microtubule generation mechanism for neurons drives dendrite and axon development and regeneration

神经元的非典型微管生成机制驱动树突和轴突的发育和再生

• 批准号: 21H02496
• 负责人: Moore Adrian
• 金额: $ 10.98万
• 依托单位: Institute of Physical and Chemical Research
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2021-04-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-21H02496/
• 关键词: microtubule; neuron; dendrite; axon; regeneration; neurom; software; differentitaion; neuron differentiation; neuron regeneration

There is a high prevalence of mutations in microtubule regulators in neurological disorders; therefore, understanding the processes that generate and organize the cytoskeleton of neuronal MTs is a matter of high value for the scientific and medical communities. microtubules play critical roles in neuron development and then in mature neuron function. First, to generate complex branching dendrites and axons, it is necessary to build a cytoskeleton of microtubules. Second, these microtubules are tracks along which motors deliver receptors, neurotransmitters, and organelles. Third, in the mature neuron, microtubules also play roles associated with synaptic plasticity. Although recent studies show the importance of microtubule regulation in synaptic function, it is still unclear how and whether changes in microtubule dynamics precipitate the induction of neurological diseases. This project discovers new molecular mechanisms that shape nervous system organization through microtubules.What evolutionarily conserved specialized microtubule generation pathways exist in neurons?How are they used to control the development of neuronal wiring patterns?How are they reutilized for recovery after injury?

神经系统疾病中微管调节因子突变的发生率很高;因此，了解产生和组织神经元MT细胞骨架的过程对科学和医学界具有很高的价值。微管在神经元发育和成熟神经元功能中起着关键作用。首先，为了产生复杂的分支树突和轴突，有必要建立微管的细胞骨架。第二，这些微管是沿着马达传递受体、神经递质和细胞器的轨道。第三，在成熟神经元中，微管也发挥与突触可塑性相关的作用。虽然最近的研究表明微管调节在突触功能中的重要性，但仍不清楚微管动力学的变化如何以及是否会诱发神经系统疾病。这个项目发现了通过微管形成神经系统组织的新分子机制。在神经元中存在哪些进化上保守的特殊微管生成途径？它们是如何用来控制神经元布线模式的发展的？受伤后如何恢复？