Coordination Funds

逆转录病毒包括多种外源性和内源性病毒，其独特的复制策略将其RNA基因组逆转录成互补的DNA。与哺乳动物宿主数百万年的共同进化产生了这一病毒家族的高致病性和致病性成员，并在其病理潜力方面产生了物种特异性差异。越来越多的证据表明，先天免疫系统的细胞类型特异性细胞自主成分，包括专门的模式识别受体和广泛活性的抗病毒限制因子，是逆转录病毒感染的根本不同结果的关键决定因素。然而，参与识别逆转录病毒感染的特定宿主细胞机制、病毒逃避策略以及它们在特定靶细胞和器官中对逆转录病毒发病机制的相对贡献仍有待确定。因此，SPP1923优先项目（逆转录病毒限制先天感知）旨在鉴定逆转录病毒细胞自主免疫中涉及的完整分子感知和限制机制、其调控、病毒编码对策和病理生理后果。在SPP1923的第一个资助期，逆转录病毒学家和先天免疫学家建立了一个强大的合作研究和培训网络，定义了逆转录病毒感知和限制逆转录病毒的新的重要分子机制和细胞类型或物种特异性原则。第二个资助期的工作将建立在这些发现和跨学科网络的基础上，目的是获得对这些过程的详细分子和生理理解。要求中央提供资金，以设立一个特别方案办公室，协助特别方案协调员管理特别方案活动，并开展网络活动，如特别方案内部会议、讲习班、同事交流和特别方案国际会议。申请的额外资金将用于专门支持女科学家和年轻家庭，以及向公众介绍SPP活动。

Retroviruses comprise a diverse group of exogenous and endogenous viruses defined by their unique replication strategy to reverse-transcribe their RNA genome into a complementary DNA. Millions of years of coevolution with their mammalian hosts gave rise to highly pathogenic as well as apathogenic members of this family of viruses and to species-specific differences in their pathologic potential. Evidence is emerging that cell-type specific cell-autonomous components of the innate immune system, including specialized pattern recognition receptors and broadly active antiviral restriction factors, represent key determinants of the fundamentally different outcomes of retroviral infections. However, the specific host cell machineries involved in recognizing retroviral infection, viral evasion strategies thereof, and their relative contribution to retroviral pathogenesis in specific target cells and organs remain to be defined. Priority Program SPP1923 (Innate sensing of restriction of retroviruses) thus aims at the identification of the full molecular sensing and restriction machinery involved in cell-autonomous immunity against retroviruses, its regulation, virus-encoded countermeasures, and pathophysiological consequences. During the first funding period of SPP1923, a strong collaborative research and training network of retrovirologists and innate immunologists was developed that defined novel important molecular mechanisms and cell-type or species-specific principles of retroviral sensing and restriction of retroviruses. Work during the second funding period will build on these findings and the interdisciplinary network established with the goal to gain detailed molecular and physiological understanding of these processes. Central funds are requested for an SPP office that assists the SPP coordinator in managing SPP activities and for networking activities such as SPP internal meetings, workshops, exchange of co-workers and an international SPP conference. Additional funds applied for will be used to specifically support female scientists and young families as well as for the presentation of SPP activities to the general public.