Spray application of Calcium salts: An effective means to improve cracking susceptibility in sweet cherry?

喷施钙盐：提高甜樱桃裂裂敏感性的有效手段？

• 批准号: 321741628
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Moritz Knoche
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/321741628?language=en
• 关键词: Spray; application; Calcium; salts; effective

Rain-cracking limits the production of sweet cherries world wide. Cracking is thought to result from increased water uptake into the fruit that causes the fruit skin to rupture. Thus, cracking depends on two independent groups of factors: (1) water transport characteristics of skin and pedicel and (2) the mechanical constitution of the fruit skin. The effect of applications of Ca salts (overhead sprinkler, spray application and immersion assays) on cracking susceptibility of sweet cherry fruit has been investigated in the past. The effects obtained, however, were inconsistent. In some studies, Ca applications markedly reduced cracking, in others Ca had no effect. Unfortunately, the Ca-content of the fruit has rarely been investigated and therefore it is not known whether the lack of performance was simply related to a lack of Ca uptake through the skin. Uptake through the pedicel is often low in maturing fruit of many fruit crops and we would expect the same for sweet cherry. Because uptake of the Ca cation through the cuticle is low and highly variable, the lack of uptake is indeed a likely explanation. However, there are no studies on Ca uptake into sweet cherry fruit. The objectives of the present study are to (1) quantify Ca uptake via the pedicel, the effect of fruit transpiration thereon and the Ca distribution within the fruit in the course of development, (2) to determine the effect of Ca on the mechanical properties using biaxial tensile tests of segments of the fruit skin, anthocyanin leakage of tissue cylinders and swelling assays of isolated cell walls, (3) to study Ca penetration through the fruit skin and (4) to establish the effects of multiple applications of Ca salts on the Ca-content and distribution within the fruit and the cracking susceptibility.

降雨使世界范围内甜樱桃的产量受到限制。破裂被认为是由于水果吸收水分增加而导致果皮破裂所致。因此，裂果取决于两组独立的因素：(1)果皮和果梗的水分运输特性；(2)果皮的机械组成。研究了喷施钙盐(喷洒、喷洒和浸泡)对甜樱桃果实裂果敏感性的影响。然而，所获得的效果并不一致。在一些研究中，施钙显著减少开裂，而在另一些研究中，施钙没有影响。不幸的是，很少有人研究果实中的钙含量，因此不知道表现不佳是否仅仅与皮肤对钙的吸收不足有关。在许多水果作物的成熟果实中，通过花梗的吸收通常很低，我们预计甜樱桃也是如此。因为通过角质层对钙离子的摄取是低的和高度可变的，所以缺乏摄取确实是一个可能的解释。然而，关于甜樱桃果实吸收钙的研究尚未见报道。本研究的目的是(1)通过果梗对钙的吸收、果实蒸腾作用的影响和果实发育过程中钙的分布进行量化；(2)通过果皮切段的双向拉伸试验、组织圆柱体的花青素渗漏和游离细胞壁膨胀试验来确定钙对果实力学性质的影响；(3)研究钙在果皮中的渗透；(4)确定不同施钙量对果实中钙含量和分配以及果实开裂敏感性的影响。