Spray application of Calcium salts: An effective means to improve cracking susceptibility in sweet cherry?

喷施钙盐：提高甜樱桃裂裂敏感性的有效手段？

• 批准号: 321741628
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Moritz Knoche
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Gartenbauliche Produktionssysteme
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/321741628?language=en
• 关键词: Spray; application; Calcium; salts; effective

Rain-cracking limits the production of sweet cherries world wide. Cracking is thought to result from increased water uptake into the fruit that causes the fruit skin to rupture. Thus, cracking depends on two independent groups of factors: (1) water transport characteristics of skin and pedicel and (2) the mechanical constitution of the fruit skin. The effect of applications of Ca salts (overhead sprinkler, spray application and immersion assays) on cracking susceptibility of sweet cherry fruit has been investigated in the past. The effects obtained, however, were inconsistent. In some studies, Ca applications markedly reduced cracking, in others Ca had no effect. Unfortunately, the Ca-content of the fruit has rarely been investigated and therefore it is not known whether the lack of performance was simply related to a lack of Ca uptake through the skin. Uptake through the pedicel is often low in maturing fruit of many fruit crops and we would expect the same for sweet cherry. Because uptake of the Ca cation through the cuticle is low and highly variable, the lack of uptake is indeed a likely explanation. However, there are no studies on Ca uptake into sweet cherry fruit. The objectives of the present study are to (1) quantify Ca uptake via the pedicel, the effect of fruit transpiration thereon and the Ca distribution within the fruit in the course of development, (2) to determine the effect of Ca on the mechanical properties using biaxial tensile tests of segments of the fruit skin, anthocyanin leakage of tissue cylinders and swelling assays of isolated cell walls, (3) to study Ca penetration through the fruit skin and (4) to establish the effects of multiple applications of Ca salts on the Ca-content and distribution within the fruit and the cracking susceptibility.

雨裂限制了全世界甜樱桃的生产。开裂被认为是由于水果吸收的水分增加，导致果皮破裂。因此，开裂取决于两组独立的因素：(1)果皮和花梗的水分输送特性；(2)果皮的机械结构。前人研究了钙盐对甜樱桃果实开裂敏感性的影响（顶喷、喷雾和浸渍试验）。然而，获得的效果是不一致的。在一些研究中，Ca的应用显著减少了开裂，在其他研究中Ca没有效果。不幸的是，很少有人对水果中的钙含量进行调查，因此不知道缺乏性能是否仅仅与缺乏通过皮肤吸收钙有关。在许多水果作物的成熟果实中，通过花梗的吸收通常很低，我们预计甜樱桃也是如此。由于钙离子通过角质层的吸收很低且变化很大，因此缺乏吸收确实是一种可能的解释。然而，目前还没有关于甜樱桃果实钙吸收的研究。本研究的目的是：(1)通过花梗量化钙的吸收，果实蒸腾量的影响以及果实在发育过程中的钙分布，(2)通过果皮部分的双轴拉伸试验，组织柱体的花青素泄漏和分离细胞壁的肿胀试验来确定钙对机械性能的影响。(3)研究钙在果皮中的渗透性；(4)确定多次施用钙盐对果实内钙含量、分布及开裂敏感性的影响。