Combined functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) for communication in patient in completely locked-in state (CLIS: completely locked in state).

基于功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）和脑电图（EEG）的脑机接口（BCI）在完全闭锁状态（CLIS：完全闭锁状态）患者通信中的应用。在工作组研究工作的基础上（见以前的DFG项目），开发了一种用于肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS） CLIS患者语言交流的新型脑机接口（BCI）。在我们能够证明在CLIS中器乐学习是困难的之后，我们在过去的几年里第一次能够在CLIS中实现简单的交流。导致这一成功的主要修改是将代谢脑反应（NIRS）与简单的经典条件反射脑机接口（BCI）结合使用。与这种新的脑机接口系统的沟通率（以前只有“是”或“否”的答案）平均为CLIS 70%。在这个项目中，通过对fNIRS大脑反应的功能连接进行在线分类的沟通成功率（测量了几百天），通过对EEG的注意力不集中和睡眠阶段进行在线校正，得出了“是”和“否”的回答，显著高于80%。这将有助于提高沟通的限制，极大地提高生活质量，以及对CLIS患者认知和情绪过程的神经科学研究的可能性。在项目的第三部分，将尝试设计一个拼写器，基于经过广泛和成功（约80%）的CLIS交流后的简单的经典条件反射，这将帮助患者选择字母和组成句子。这将为系统研究多年无运动技能的完全闭锁患者的大脑反应、内在、主观状态和认知情绪处理奠定基础。

Combined functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) for communication in patient in completely locked-in state (CLIS: completely locked in state). On the basis of the research work of the working group (see previous DFG projects) a novel brain-computer interface (BCI) for verbal communication in patients in CLIS due to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was developed. After we were able to demonstrate that in CLIS instrumental learning is difficult, we for the first time in the last few years were able to achieve simple communication in CLIS. The main modifications which led to this success were the use of metabolic brain responses (NIRS) in combination with a simple classical conditioning BCI. The communication rates with this new BCI system (only yes or no answers were previously possible) are on average at CLIS 70%. In this project the communication successes (measured over several hundred days) by on-line classification of functional connectivity of the fNIRS brain responses provide yes and No responses by on-line correction of inattention and sleep phases with the EEG is significantly higher than the 80%. This will help raise the limit of communication and enormously raise the quality of life as well as the possibility of neuro scientific studies on cognitive and emotional processes in CLIS patient. In the third part of the project attempts will be made to design a speller, based on the simple classical conditioned responses after extensive and successful (about 80%) communications by CLIS, which will help patient to select letters and form sentences. This will be the basis for the systematic investigation of the brain responsiveness, the inner, subjective states and cognitive-emotional processing in patients in completely locked-in state for several years without any motor skills.