Combined functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) for communication in patient in completely locked-in state (CLIS: completely locked in state).

结合功能近红外光谱(FNIRS)和脑电(EEG)的脑机接口(BCI)用于完全锁定状态(CLIS：完全锁定状态)患者的通信。在工作组研究工作的基础上(见以前的DFG项目)，开发了一种用于肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)CLI患者言语交流的新型脑机接口(BCI)。在我们能够证明在CLI中工具性学习是困难的之后，我们在过去的几年中第一次能够在CLI中实现简单的交流。导致这一成功的主要改进是使用新陈代谢脑反应(NIR)与简单的经典条件脑-脑机接口相结合。这种新的BCI系统(以前只能回答是或否)的通信速率平均为CLI 70%。在这个项目中，通过在线分类fNIRS大脑反应的功能连接性获得的沟通成功(在数百天内测量)通过在线纠正注意力不集中和睡眠时相提供是和否反应的脑电显着高于80%。这将有助于提高沟通的限度，极大地提高生活质量，以及对CLIS患者的认知和情感过程进行神经科学研究的可能性。在项目的第三部分，将尝试设计一种拼写器，基于CLI广泛和成功(约80%)沟通后的简单经典条件反应，它将帮助患者选择字母和组成句子。这将是系统研究处于完全锁定状态数年而没有任何运动技能的患者的大脑反应性、内部、主观状态和认知-情绪处理的基础。

Combined functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interface (BCI) for communication in patient in completely locked-in state (CLIS: completely locked in state). On the basis of the research work of the working group (see previous DFG projects) a novel brain-computer interface (BCI) for verbal communication in patients in CLIS due to Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was developed. After we were able to demonstrate that in CLIS instrumental learning is difficult, we for the first time in the last few years were able to achieve simple communication in CLIS. The main modifications which led to this success were the use of metabolic brain responses (NIRS) in combination with a simple classical conditioning BCI. The communication rates with this new BCI system (only yes or no answers were previously possible) are on average at CLIS 70%. In this project the communication successes (measured over several hundred days) by on-line classification of functional connectivity of the fNIRS brain responses provide yes and No responses by on-line correction of inattention and sleep phases with the EEG is significantly higher than the 80%. This will help raise the limit of communication and enormously raise the quality of life as well as the possibility of neuro scientific studies on cognitive and emotional processes in CLIS patient. In the third part of the project attempts will be made to design a speller, based on the simple classical conditioned responses after extensive and successful (about 80%) communications by CLIS, which will help patient to select letters and form sentences. This will be the basis for the systematic investigation of the brain responsiveness, the inner, subjective states and cognitive-emotional processing in patients in completely locked-in state for several years without any motor skills.