A1: Inductive metaphysics; methods of metaphysics

A1的目的是详细比较归纳形而上学（IM）和逻辑形而上学（LE）的程序。它的目的是作为该研究单位第一个3年期项目A1的后续行动，“从古斯塔夫·西奥多·费希纳到埃里希·贝歇及以后的归纳形而上学研究计划”。在第一个3年期间的主要焦点是IM的研究计划的历史和系统的重建，因为它出现在19世纪（G. Fechner，R.H. Lotze，E. v. Hartmann，W.冯特等）和世纪初（O. Külpe，E. Becher，A. Wenzl）。在第二个供资期，项目A1的目标是利用第一个供资期的结果对IM和LE进行比较。主要的论点是，虽然乍一看，它可能看起来好像IM和LE是完全相反的立场，仔细检查表明，有许多有趣的接触点，甚至LE和IM之间的收敛，特别是当一个不限制LE的狭窄阶段的维也纳圈及其主角。这些接触点的范围从莫里茨石里克和埃里希Becher之间的对应关系，以鲁道夫卡尔纳普后来软化之间的界限科学和形而上学，奎因的自然形而上学，和迈克尔弗里德曼的反思LE。对这些联系点的深入研究将有助于揭示：（i）IM和LE纲领之间的关系，（ii）两个纲领的支持者所倡导的形而上学概念，以及（iii）这些概念随时间的演变，这将有助于在归纳的基础上探索形而上学的可能性。

The aim of A1 is a detailed comparison of the programs of inductive metaphysics (IM) and logical empiricism (LE). It is intended as a follow-up to project A1 of the first 3-year period of this research unit, “The Research Program of Inductive Metaphysics from Gustav Theodor Fechner to Erich Becher and beyond.” The main focus in the first 3-year period was a historical and systematic reconstruction of the research program of IM as it emerged in the 19th century (G.Th. Fechner, R.H. Lotze, E. v. Hartmann, W. Wundt and others) and early 20th century (O. Külpe, E. Becher, A. Wenzl). In the second funding period, project A1 aims to use the results of the first period fora comparison of IM and LE. The main thesis is that, while at first glance it may look as if IM and LE are completely contrary positions, a closer examination shows that there are many interesting points of contact or even convergence between LE and IM, especially when one does not restrict LE to the narrow phase of the Vienna Circle and its protagonists. These points of contact range from the correspondencebetween Moritz Schlick and Erich Becher to Rudolf Carnap’s later softening of the boundary between science and metaphysics, W.V. Quine’s naturalized metaphysics, and Michael Friedman’s reconsideration of LE. A thorough investigation of these points of contact will shed light on:(i) the relations between the programs of IM and LE,(ii) the conceptions of metaphysics advocated by the proponents of both programs, and(iii) the evolution of these conceptions over time.This will contribute to the exploration of the possibility of metaphysics on an inductive basis.