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Epistemic expertise: Prolegomena to an epistemology of expert testimony

认知专业知识：专家证言认识论序言

基本信息

批准号：
239327984
负责人：
Professor Dr. Oliver R. Scholz
金额：
--
依托单位：
Philosophisches Seminar
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2012-12-31 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/239327984?language=en
关键词：
Epistemic expertise Prolegomena epistemology expert

项目摘要

The epistemic subject with its diverse interrelations to other cognitive subjects, especially the testimonial exchange between speaker and hearer, is the focus of social epistemology. Considering the dependence of laymen on expert testimony, the discussion about expertise is of special epistemological and practical importance; nevertheless it is underrepresented in the current literature. Hence, the following three questions shall be answered by this research project: Starting with an analysis and critique of currently discussed concepts of expertise, we want to investigate in how far a typology of epistemic expertise and a definition of a paradigmatic manner of use can be developed. Considering the fragmentary state of research, a systematic discussion of differing concepts of expertise is an important desideratum of applied social epistemology. Only on this basis can we then ask whether and (if so) with what criteria, laymen are enabled to judge the reliability of relevant expert testimonies. Finally, the question will be discussed which epistemological properties the worked out concept of expertise possesses and which epistemological challenges would result from this. On this basis, we want to examine the common classification of expert testimonies as ordinary testimonial acts and will outline an adequate general picture of epistemic expertise.

认知主体是社会认识论研究的焦点，它与其他认知主体的关系是多样的，尤其是说话人与听话人之间的证言交流。考虑到外行人对专家证言的依赖，关于专家意见的讨论具有特殊的认识论和实践意义；然而，在目前的文献中，对专家意见的讨论还很少。因此，本研究项目将回答以下三个问题：从对当前讨论的专门知识概念的分析和批判开始，我们希望调查认知专业知识的类型学和典型使用方式的定义可以发展到什么程度。考虑到研究的零散状态，系统地讨论不同的专门知识概念是应用社会认识论的一个重要要求。只有在这个基础上，我们才能问是否以及(如果是)外行人可以用什么标准来判断有关专家证词的可靠性。最后，我们将讨论这样一个问题，即所形成的专门知识概念具有哪些认识论性质，以及由此会产生哪些认识论挑战。在此基础上，我们要考察专家证言作为普通证言行为的常见分类，并将勾勒出一个足够的认知性专家意见的概貌。