Evolution of molecular mechanisms that control stomatal closure

叶片的气孔调节光合作用中的二氧化碳吸收和蒸腾作用中的水分损失。除了地钱之外，几乎在所有的陆生植物中都发现了这些微型阀门，这表明它们代表了对干燥陆地栖息地的进化古老适应。在种子植物中，保卫细胞驱动气孔快速关闭的能力是在不利环境条件下生存的基础。尽管气孔对于陆生植物的生活方式具有重要意义，但除了种子植物外，对保卫细胞的生物学知之甚少。在这个项目中，我们将比较所有四个部门的气孔轴承植物保卫细胞的性能。气孔关闭响应以下四个刺激将进行研究：黑暗，高大气二氧化碳浓度，低相对空气湿度，和干旱胁迫激素阿坝，这可能是代表在进化过程中选择的主要标志。我们将联合收割机生理实验与单气孔或保卫细胞技术相结合，结合分子生物学方法和转录组分析，寻找促进气孔关闭的保卫细胞渗透马达的关键组分。我们的研究将提供见解的进化步骤，引起了控制种子植物气孔运动的信号网络。

Stomatal pores in leaves regulate carbon dioxide uptake for photosynthesis and the loss of water through transpiration. These microscopic valves are found in virtually all land plants, except for liverworts, suggesting that they represent an evolutionary ancient adaptation to dry terrestrial habitats. In seed plants, the capability of guard cells to drive rapid stomatal closure is fundamental for survival of periods with unfavourable environmental conditions. Despite of the importance of stomata for a terrestrial life style, little is known about the biology of guard cells in divisions other than the seed plants. In this project, we will compare guard cell properties between all four divisions of stomata bearing plants. Stomatal closure responses to the following four stimuli will be studied: darkness, high atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, low relative air humidity, and the drought stress hormone ABA, which are likely to represent major markers for selection during evolution. We will combine physiological experiments with single stoma or guard cell techniques with molecular biological methods and transcriptome analysis, to search for key components of the osmotic motor of guard cells that provokes stomatal closure. Our studies will provide insights into the evolutionary steps that gave rise to the signalling networks controlling stomatal movements in seed plants.