The Iron Age settlement of Pfaffenhofen-Hörtenberg in the Upper Inn Valley, Tyrol - Settlement structure and cultural change in an alpine transit region from the beginning of the Fritzens-Sanzeno Culture to the transition into the Roman Age

自2018年2月以来，在德国联邦政府的资助下，巴伐利亚科学院对Pfaffenhofen-Hörtenberg（蒂罗尔）铁器时代定居点的考古发掘结果进行了科学评估。该项目已获得三年（2018年2月至2021年1月）的资助，包括对建筑特征和广泛发现的评估，以及对铁器时代晚期（公元前5世纪-基督诞生前后）泰尔夫斯山谷盆地聚落群的发展进行研究。考古结果由几个学科的自然科学调查补充：考古动物学、考古植物学、人类学、树木年代学、同位素（动物骨骼）、光栅电子显微镜（有色金属发现）和矿渣分析。两年后，完成了以下工作：深入描述建筑特征，评估金属发现，检查动物骨骼，评估炉渣，绘制所有非陶瓷发现和大约三分之二的陶器，以及数字化挖掘计划。已对发现的有色金属进行了材料分析，但尚未作出最终评价。到目前为止，单个项目区域的结果提供了有关铁器时代定居点的结构和经济，房屋建筑和工艺以及居民饮食的详细且通常是特殊的信息。这些见解提出了新的问题，这些问题将在进一步的植物学调查、动物遗骸的进一步同位素分析和石质人工制品的考古冶金学评估中得到研究。对土壤样本的植物学评估显示，出乎意料的是，植物遗骸的数量如此之多，以至于它们的全面评估只能在项目的第三年完成。初步结果表明，可以对铁器时代晚期整个中部阿尔卑斯地区的农业和环境有基本的了解。对于焦化建筑木材的树木年代学定年，需要额外的树木年轮系列14c数据，以绝对数据证实沉降地层。自从提出最初的申请以来，已经获得了关于特尔夫斯盆地新地点的大量新资料，必须对这些资料进行严格审查，并纳入拟进行的定居点考古研究。为了进行全面的考古评估，包括自然科学贡献的补充资料，正在申请将主要考古研究员的职位延长18个月。在此期间，制作一份完整的、可印刷的手稿是现实的，从而确保Pfaffenhofen-Hörtenberg独特的考古特征将以综合出版物的形式呈现给科学界。

Since February 2018, the results of archaeological excavations in the Iron Age settlement of Pfaffenhofen-Hörtenberg (Tyrol) have been scientifically evaluated at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences with funding from the DFG. The project, which has been granted funding for three years (February 2018 – January 2021), includes the evaluation of the building features and the extensive finds, as well as a study of the development of the settlement cluster in the Telfs valley basin during the Late Iron Age (5th century B.C. – around the birth of Christ). The archaeological results are supplemented by natural-scientific investigations of several disciplines: archaeozoology, archaeobotany, anthracology, dendrochronology, isotopy (animal bones), raster electron microscopy (non-ferrous metal finds) and slag analyses.After two years, the following work is completed: In-depth description of the building features, evaluation of the metal finds, examination of the animal bones, evaluation of the slag, drawings of all non-ceramic finds and about two thirds of the pottery, as well as the digitalisation of the excavation plans. The material analyses of the non-ferrous metal finds have been carried out, but have not yet been conclusively evaluated. The results of the individual project areas so far provide detailed and often exceptional information on the structure and economy of an Iron Age settlement, on house building and craftsmanship, and on the diet of the inhabitants. These insights have raised new questions, which will be investigated in the course of additional botanical investigations, further isotope analyses of animal remains, and an archaeometallurgical assessment of the stone artefacts.The botanical evaluation of the soil samples revealed an unexpectedly high number of plant remains of such extraordinary diversity that their full evaluation can only be completed in the third year of the project. The preliminary results indicate that fundamental insights into the agriculture and environment of the entire Central Alpine region during the Late Iron Age can be expected. For the dendrochronological dating of the charred building timber, additional 14C-data of tree-ring series are necessary to substantiate the settlement stratigraphy with absolute data.Since the initial application was submitted, a wealth of new information has become available on new sites in the Telfs Basin, which must be critically examined and incorporated into the intended settlement archaeological study. For the comprehensive archaeological evaluation, including the additional information from the natural-scientific contributions, an 18-month extension of the position of the main archaeological researcher is being applied for. During this time, the production of a complete, print-ready manuscript is realistic, thereby ensuring that the unique archaeological features of Pfaffenhofen-Hörtenberg will be presented to the scientific community in the form of a comprehensive publication.