High-performance all-inorganic perovskite/crystalline silicon tandem solar cells

确保地球上所有人的能源资源是21世纪人类面临的最大全球挑战之一。光伏(PV)作为未来基于可再生能源的能源组合的一部分，可以发挥重要作用。在过去的几十年里，晶硅(c-Si)太阳能电池主导了全球光伏市场，占据了90%的市场份额。快速的效率进步以及高度可调的带隙、简单的工艺和极低的成本潜力等优点使钙钛矿型电池特别适合串联光伏技术。因此，钙钛矿/c-Si叠层太阳能电池已成为在市场上占主导地位的c-Si电池中最有希望以最小的成本提高效率的技术。近年来，有机-无机混合卤化物钙钛矿/c-Si串联太阳电池的研究已经实现了功能器件，其效率正在取得进展，结果约为25%。然而，目前，进一步实施的关键障碍是常见的有机-无机钙钛矿层对湿热的稳定性较低。非最佳的光管理也是一个障碍。最近，基于CsPbX3(X=Br，I)的全无机钙钛矿太阳能电池表现出了前所未有的抗湿热稳定性。全无机钙钛矿电池的效率进步也很快，目前报道的最高值为~10%。人们普遍认为，就效率而言，没有根本或可预见的障碍阻止全无机钙钛矿太阳能电池与有机-无机钙钛矿太阳能电池相匹配。因此，全无机钙钛矿/c-Si串联电池有望在提高c-Si太阳电池效率的同时，提供优异的抗湿热性能稳定性。本中德联合研究项目旨在解决关键挑战，实现1cm2面积的高性能4-T全无机钙钛矿/c-Si串联电池的原型器件，该电池在没有电池封装的情况下具有高稳定性(&gt；5000小时)，可以向实际应用展示重大进展。

Securing the energy resources for all people on this planet is one of the biggest global challenges facing humankind in the 21st century. Photovoltaics (PV) can play a major role as part of the future renewables-based energy mix. Over the past decades, crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells have dominated the global PV market with a market share of >90%. Rapid efficiency progress and the merits such as a highly tunable bandgap, simple process, and very low cost potential make the perovskite cells particularly suited for tandem PV technology. Therefore, perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells have become the most promising technology for enhancing the efficiencies of the market-dominating c-Si cells with a minimal increase in cost. Recent researches on the hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells have achieved functional devices and the efficiency is progressing with the result of approximately 25%. Currently, however, the key barrier to further implementation is the low stability of the common organic-inorganic perovskite layers against moisture and heat. Non-optimal light management is also a barrier. Very recently, more recently developed all-inorganic perovskite solar cells based on CsPbX3 (X=Br,I) have demonstrated unprecedented stability against moisture and heat. The efficiency progress for all-inorganic perovskite cells is also rapid and the current highest reported value is ~10%. It is widely believed that there are no fundamental or foreseen obstacles stopping the all-inorganic perovskite solar cells matching the organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells in terms of the efficiency. Therefore, it is expected that all-inorganic perovskite/c-Si tandem cells are a promising pathway to improve the efficiency of c-Si solar cells whilst also affording excellent performance stability against moisture and heat. The present joint Sino-German research project aims to address the key challenges and achieve 1cm2-area prototype devices of high-performance 4-T all-inorganic perovskite/c-Si tandem cells with high stability against moisture and heat without cell encapsulation (> 5000hours), which can demonstrate significant advance towards practical applications.