Issues with Europe - A Network Analysis of theGerman-speaking Alpine Conservation Movement (1975-2005)

该项目旨在通过分析欧洲运输政策来研究欧洲政治中复杂的谈判过程。欧洲联盟的政治通常是在一个复杂、不和谐的领域中发展的，有区域、国家和国际各级的行为者。该研究考察了20世纪70年代至21世纪初欧洲阿尔卑斯山过境政策的争议，重点比较了奥地利和瑞士。它旨在评估环境运动在多大程度上影响了欧洲国家和超国家层面的政策决定。该分析是基于网络分析，侧重于复杂的政治和社会行为者之间的相互作用，特别是围绕讲德语的阿尔卑斯山保护运动（Alpenschutwegung）。奥地利和瑞士的案例研究包括一个欧洲联盟成员国（奥地利）和一个非成员国（瑞士）。该项目将由因斯布鲁克大学（领导机构）、慕尼黑路德维希马克西米利安大学和巴塞尔大学联合开展。它分为三个分项目。分项目A（Helmann-Trischler，慕尼黑）分析欧洲一级，特别是欧洲联盟和欧洲理事会如何处理运输政策与高山养护之间的冲突。它考察了生态和自然保护概念的形成及其在超国家机构（如欧盟），国际非政府组织（联合国，世界自然保护联盟）和民族国家之间的流通。一个关键的兴趣点是阿尔卑斯公约，这是八个阿尔卑斯山国家和欧盟之间关于阿尔卑斯山可持续发展的条约。该公约还将作为一个概念框架，以更好地理解技术科学专家在高山保护中的作用，作为政治，经济，环境，社会技术和社会因素的谈判空间。次级项目B和C的重点是区域和国家当局以及高山养护运动的区域和跨国网络。在地理上，分项目B（因斯布鲁克的帕特里克库佩尔）处理奥地利的情况，并在奥地利于1995年加入欧盟的背景下，处理关于跨越布伦纳山口的高山过境的争端。次级项目C（Martin Lengwiler，巴塞尔）的重点是瑞士和关于圣哥达山口高山过境的辩论，特别是在所谓的阿尔卑斯山倡议的范围内，该倡议于1994年实施了一个限制性的运输政策框架，对瑞士-欧盟关系产生了持久的影响。这三个案例研究提供了撰写跨国环境运动史的可能性，并开辟了欧洲化的新视角。在方法上，该项目的一致性依赖于一个共同的网络分析，基于最先进的数字研究工具，Gephi，一个成熟的软件，用于社会网络分析和可视化。

This project seeks to examine the complex negotiation processes in European politics by analysing European transport policy. European Union politics usually evolve in a complex, discordant field with actors at the regional, national and international levels. The study examines the disputes over European alpine transit policy between the 1970s and 2000s, with a comparative focus on Austria and Switzerland. It aims to assess to what extent environmental movements had an impact on European policy decisions at the national and supranational levels. The analysis is based on a network analysis focusing on the complex interplay between political and social actors, in particular around the German-speaking alpine conservation movement (Alpenschutzbewegung). The case studies of Austria and Switzerland include a member state of the European Union (Austria) and a non-member (Switzerland). The project will be carried out jointly by the University of Innsbruck (leading house), the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and the University of Basel. It is broken down into three subprojects. Subproject A (Helmuth Trischler, Munich) analyses how conflicts between transport policies and alpine conservation were dealt with on the European level, in particular by the European Union and the Council of Europe. It examines the formation of concepts of ecology and nature preservation and their circulation between supranational institutions (like the EU), international NGOs (UN, IUCN) and nation states. A key point of interest is the Alpine Convention, a treaty between the eight alpine nations and the EU for the sustainable development of the Alps. The convention will also be used as a conceptual lense to better understand the role of techno-scientific experts in alpine conservation as a negotiation space of political, economic, environmental, socio-technical, and societal factors. Subproject B and C focus on regional and national authorities as well as the regional and transnational networks of the alpine conservation movement. Geographically, Subproject B (Patrick Kupper, Innsbruck) deals with the case of Austria and addresses the disputes over alpine transit across the Brenner Pass, against the backdrop of Austria's joining the EU in 1995. Subproject C (Martin Lengwiler, Basel) focuses on Switzerland and on debates about alpine transit over the Gotthard Pass, particularly in the context of the so-called Alpen-Initiative, which in 1994 imposed a restrictive transport policy framework and had a lasting impact on Swiss-EU relations. The three case studies offer the possibility to write a transnational history of environmental movements and open a new perspective on Europeanisation. Methodologically, the coherence of the project relies on a common nework analysis, based on a state-of-the-art digital research instrument, Gephi, an established software for social network analysis and visualisation.