Phytophagous lady beetle, Epilachana niponica, and its food plants, Cirsium thistles

1.蓟科蓟Cirsium kagamontanum、蓟C.matumurae var. dubium和松村刺蛾C.matsumurae var.研究了北陆及其邻近地区松村的地理分布、形态特征和分生体数量.本文记述了一新种，即松叶松叶蝉C.ashiuense Yokoyama et T.Shimizu。该种与卡氏山核桃（C.Kagamontanum）亲缘关系最近，为四倍体（2n=68），而卡氏山核桃（C.kagamontanum）为二倍体.在石川县、富山县、新泻县确认了卡氏蒙塔菌的分布。对蓟属13种植物的叶绿体DNA进行了RFLP分析，并以刺蓟为外类群。由于分析未发现变异，故不能明确供试蓟的生殖发育.在生物测定实验中，山蓟叶提取物可抑制刺蛾Asiu种群的取食，证实了蓟叶中存在拒食化学物质.利用5个不同生境的刺蛾-刺蛾配对，测定刺蛾当地种群对当地刺蛾的食物选择性和适应性.对17个穿龙线虫、1个脓疱型穿龙线虫和1个雅口穿龙线虫群体进行了等位酶分析，并测定了这些群体间的遗传距离.利用13个形态性状对8个居群进行了多变量分析，计算了居群间的形态距离。

1. Three species of the thistles, Cirsium kagamontanum, C.matumurae var. dubium and C.matsumurae var. matsumurae in the Hokuriku and the adjacent areas were studied on their geographical distribution, morphology, and choromozome numbers.2. A new species, C.ashiuense Yokoyama et T.Shimizu was described. The species is closely related to C.Kagamontanum and is tetraploid (2n=68), while C.kagamontanum is diploid.3. Locations of distribution of C.kagamontanum is confirmed in Ishikawa, Toyama and Niigata Prefectures.4. RFLPs analysis of chloroplast DNA were carried out for 13 species of Cirsium, with Synurus Pungesns as an out-group. phylogeny of the thistles examined was not clarified baxause no variation was detected by the analysis.5. Extract from C.kagamontanum leaves deterred the Asiu population of E.niponica from feeding in the bioassay experiments, confirming the existence of anti-feeding chemicals in the thistle leaves.6. Food preference and adaptability of E.niponica local populations to local thistle species were tested by using the pairs of the beetles and thistles from 5 localities.7. Allozyme analysis was carried out on 17 E.niponica, 1 E.pustulosa and 1 E.yastomii populations, and genetic distances were measured for these populations.8. Multivariate analysis was executed on 8 E.nippnica populations by using 13 morphological characters, and morphological distance was calculated for the populations.