Permian and Permian-Triassic boundary in the Arctic -a comparison with those in the Tethys-

1989-1991年夏季，挪威极地研究所与日本北海道大学在斯匹次卑尔根岛中西部开展了国际地质合作项目。与该计划相关的实地和实验室工作由Monbusho国际科学研究计划（实地研究）的拨款资助。他们的主要研究对象是二叠系，二叠系在调查区内暴露程度较高，由高到低依次为Kapp Starostin组、Gypshuken组和Nordenskioldbreen组。从“Spirifer石灰石”开始的Kapp Starostin组在斯匹次卑尔根中东部的Festningen约380米，Trygghamna约410米，Kapp Wijk约270米，Skansbukta约200米。这个地层中生长着不同层次的腕足动物、苔藓虫、珊瑚、双壳类动物、三叶虫、海绵动物和有孔虫。在这些化石中，腕足类最为常见，对分带和对比具有重要意义。综合地层学和古生物学的证据，对Kapp Starostin组可以得出以下结论：1)组内可划分出5个腕足动物带，分别为：hordonia timanica带、Paeckelmanella带；sp.带、Megousia weyprechti带、Pterospirifer alatus带和Haydenella wilczeki带的排列顺序依次为：2)基底部为“Spirifer灰岩”，与格陵兰东北部Mallemuk群最上部和加拿大北极地区下辅助组同时期，基于一些诊断性腕足动物的相互出现，可能指示Kungurian时代。3) Kapp Starostin组上部以上三带为代表，大致对应于格陵兰中东部的二叠纪Foldvik Creek群和加拿大北极的Trold峡湾组，代表了卡扎尼亚和米甸时代。

In summer 1989-1991, an international colaboration program in geology between Norsk Polarinstitutt and Hokkaido University, Japan was undertaken in west central Spitsbergen. The field and laboratory works related to this program were financed by a grant under the Monbusho International Scientific Research Program (Field Research).The main target of their research was the Permian System, Which was well exposed in the surveyed areas and divided into, in descending order, the Kapp Starostin Formation, the Gypshuken Formation and the Nordenskioldbreen Formation.The Kapp Starostin Formation commencing with the "Spirifer Limestone" was measured about 380m at Festningen, 410m at Trygghamna, 270m at Kapp Wijk and 200m at Skansbukta respectively in central east Spitsbergen. This formation yields brachiopods, bryozoans, corals, bivalves, trilobites, sponges and foraminifers at various levels. Among these fossils, brachiopods are most common and are important for zonation and correlation. Taking into account the stratigraphical and paleontological evidences, the following conclusions may be introduced with regard to the Kapp Starostin Formation. 1) Five brachiopod zones are identified within the formations : they are the Horridonia timanica Zone, Paeckelmanella. sp. Zone, Megousia weyprechti Zone, Pterospirifer alatus Zone and Haydenella wilczeki Zone in ascending order. 2) The basal part, that is the "Spirifer Limestone", is contemporaneous with the uppermost part of Mallemuk Group in Northeast Greenland and the Lower Assistance Formation of the Canadian arctic, based on the mutral occurrences of some diagnostic brachiopod species, and probably indicating a Kungurian age. 3) The upper part of the Kapp Starostin Formation, represented by the upper three zones, roughly corresponds to the Permian Foldvik Creek Group in central east Greenland and the Trold Fiord Formation of the Canadian Arctic, indicating Kazanian and Midian ages.