Permian and Permian-Triassic boundary in the Arctic -a comparison with those in the Tethys-

1989-1991年夏季，挪威极地研究所和日本北海道大学在斯匹次卑尔根岛中西部开展了一项国际地质学合作计划。与该计划有关的实地和实验室工作由Monbusho国际科学研究计划下的赠款资助（野外研究）。他们研究的主要目标是二叠纪系统，该系统在调查区出露良好，并按降序分为Kapp Starostin组，Gypshuken组和Nordenskioldbreen组。在Festningen测量了从“Spirifer石灰岩”开始的Kapp Starostin组约380米，位于斯匹次卑尔根岛中东部的Tryghamna为410米，Kapp Wijk为270米，Skansbukta为200米。这一地层产出腕足动物、苔藓虫、珊瑚、双壳类、三叶虫、海绵和不同层次的有孔虫。在这些化石中，腕足动物是最常见的，是重要的分带和对比。考虑到地层学和古生物学证据，关于Kapp Starostin组可以得出以下结论。1)在地层中识别出五个腕足动物带：Horridonia timanica带、Paeckelmanella带。sp.带、Megousiaweyprechti带、翼翅蕨带和Haydenellawilczeki带。2)根据一些腕足类化石的相互产出，其底部的“Spirifer石灰岩”与格陵兰东北部Mallemuk群的上部和加拿大北极地区的Lower Assistance组是同时代的，可能代表了昆古里安时代。3)Kapp Starostin组的上部，由上三个带代表，大致对应于格陵兰中东部的二叠纪Foldvik Creek群和加拿大北极的Trold Fiord组，表明Kazanian和Midian年龄。

In summer 1989-1991, an international colaboration program in geology between Norsk Polarinstitutt and Hokkaido University, Japan was undertaken in west central Spitsbergen. The field and laboratory works related to this program were financed by a grant under the Monbusho International Scientific Research Program (Field Research).The main target of their research was the Permian System, Which was well exposed in the surveyed areas and divided into, in descending order, the Kapp Starostin Formation, the Gypshuken Formation and the Nordenskioldbreen Formation.The Kapp Starostin Formation commencing with the "Spirifer Limestone" was measured about 380m at Festningen, 410m at Trygghamna, 270m at Kapp Wijk and 200m at Skansbukta respectively in central east Spitsbergen. This formation yields brachiopods, bryozoans, corals, bivalves, trilobites, sponges and foraminifers at various levels. Among these fossils, brachiopods are most common and are important for zonation and correlation. Taking into account the stratigraphical and paleontological evidences, the following conclusions may be introduced with regard to the Kapp Starostin Formation. 1) Five brachiopod zones are identified within the formations : they are the Horridonia timanica Zone, Paeckelmanella. sp. Zone, Megousia weyprechti Zone, Pterospirifer alatus Zone and Haydenella wilczeki Zone in ascending order. 2) The basal part, that is the "Spirifer Limestone", is contemporaneous with the uppermost part of Mallemuk Group in Northeast Greenland and the Lower Assistance Formation of the Canadian arctic, based on the mutral occurrences of some diagnostic brachiopod species, and probably indicating a Kungurian age. 3) The upper part of the Kapp Starostin Formation, represented by the upper three zones, roughly corresponds to the Permian Foldvik Creek Group in central east Greenland and the Trold Fiord Formation of the Canadian Arctic, indicating Kazanian and Midian ages.