Development of a system of enhanced plant growth by gene transfection of the fastest myosin.

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Cytoplasmic streaming is active transport widely occurred in plant cells. Although it has been revealed that cytoplasmic streaming is generated by organelle-associated myosin-XI sliding along actin cables, the fundamental function in plants remains unknown. We generated high-speed chimeric myosin XI by replacing the motor domain of Arabidopsis thaliana myosin XI-2 with that of Chara corallina myosin. Surprisingly, the plant size of the transgenic Arabidopsis high speed chimeric myosin XI-2 was higher than that that of the wild-type plant. This size change correlated with acceleration of cytoplasmic streaming. These results strongly suggest that cytoplasmic streaming is a key determinant of plant size. Furthermore, because cytoplasmic streaming is a common system for intracellular transport in plants, our system could have applications in artificial size control in plants.