Where are the jobs? Urban spatial structure and subcentering in an international comparison

工作岗位在哪里？

• 批准号: 398024191
• 负责人: Professor Dr.-Ing. Stefan Siedentop
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Deutsches Fernerkundungsdatenzentrum (DFD)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/398024191?language=en
• 关键词: Where; jobs; Urban; spatial; structure

Recent urbanization processes in the Global North have been characterized by the simultaneity of both concentration and deconcentrating processes. Whereas knowledge intensive business services tend to agglomerate in urban areas, centrifugal forces dominate at intra-regional scales. These competing forces manifest themselves in a polycentric urban spatial structure of both firms and employees. With regards to these processes’ universality, it can be stated that they occur in all larger and internationally connected metropolitan areas. Moreover, these developments have substantially altered the morphological, functional and political as well as institutional structure within those areas. It should be also considered, however, that restructuring processes have caused fairly local and context-sensitive results. For that, divergence can be identified especially among North American and European/German metro areas revealing dissimilar patterns and changes of the respective regional distribution of jobs. Nevertheless, the specific interplay of competing forces of (sub-) center development has not been fully understood yet. The same applies to the issue whether center formation in metro areas follows rather convergent or rather divergent trajectories. Little internationally comparative research has been carried out in this field and the existing empirical work – mostly qualitative in nature – suffers from the lack of reproducible findings. Moreover, previous research is limited with respect to both its spatial granularity and its thematic sophistication regarding the detection of morphological patterns and their changes over time. The present research proposal therefore addresses a substantial gap in international urban research: a largely missing cross-nationally comparative investigation of spatial patterns of employees and their morphologic manifestation in e.g. built-up volume, as well as explanations of these patterns’ formation and development over time. Accordingly, this research proposal’s objective is to comparatively analyze urban spatial structure and its change over time in selected US-American and German city regions. It moreover aims to explain the formation and development of urban centers by the interplay of market-driven and planning-induced forces. Thus, the main research interest is focused on convergence processes in the sense of morphologically similar urban spatial structures. From a methodological point of view, this research project will combine quantitative cross-sectional analyses with qualitative case-study based approaches. Utilizing both, recent remote sensing data (such as the German TanDEM-X mission) and spatially fine-grained official statistics of employment provides a novel set of tools will be developed that permits to analyze large-scale morphological patterns regarding their three-dimensional representation at high spatial accuracies. The findings are complemented by case study research in selected regions.

全球北方最近的城市化进程的特点是集中和分散过程同时发生。虽然知识密集型商业服务倾向于聚集在城市地区，但离心力在区域内规模上占主导地位。这些相互竞争的力量在企业和员工的多中心城市空间结构中表现出来。关于这些进程的普遍性，可以说，它们发生在所有较大的和国际联系的大都市地区。此外，这些发展大大改变了这些地区的形态、功能、政治和体制结构。但是，也应当考虑到，改组进程已经产生了相当地方性和对具体情况敏感的结果。为此，可以特别在北美和欧洲/德国都市地区之间发现差异，显示出各自区域工作分布的不同模式和变化。然而，（次）中心发展竞争力量的具体相互作用尚未完全了解。同样的道理也适用于都市中心形成的轨迹是趋同还是发散的问题。在这一领域进行的国际比较研究很少，现有的经验工作- -主要是定性的- -缺乏可重复的发现。此外，以往的研究在空间粒度和主题复杂性方面对形态模式及其随时间变化的检测存在局限性。因此，目前的研究建议解决了国际城市研究中的一个重大差距：对雇员的空间模式及其在例如建筑体量中的形态表现进行了很大程度上缺失的跨国比较调查，以及对这些模式的形成和发展的解释。因此，本研究计划的目的是比较分析选定的美国和德国城市区域的城市空间结构及其随时间的变化。此外，它旨在解释城市中心的形成和发展的相互作用，市场驱动和计划诱导的力量。因此，主要的研究兴趣集中在形态相似的城市空间结构意义上的收敛过程。从方法论的角度来看，本研究项目将结合定量横断面分析和定性案例研究为基础的方法。利用这两者，最近的遥感数据（如德国TanDEM-X任务）和空间上细粒度的官方就业统计数据提供了一套新的工具，可以在高空间精度下分析大规模形态模式的三维表示。在选定区域进行的个案研究补充了这些研究结果。

项目成果

Employment suburbanization in the 21st century: A comparison of German and US city regions

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2020.102802
• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 期刊: Cities
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Bastian Heider;S. Siedentop