Fundamental and technological studies on the ability of the plant cultured cells to produce and transform organic compounds

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The biochemical potentiality of plant cultured cells to produce useful substances is of considerable interest in connection with the use of the cultured cells as a bioreactor. We have investigated the bioconversion of terpenoids with the cultured cells of Nicotiana tabacum for generalizing the bioconversion pattern and the in vitro shoot tip cultures of Zingiber officinale and Mentha spicata for producing the volatile constituents by the cultured cells.(1) The cultured cells were found to have the ability to transform the substrates as follows: the regio- and stereo-selective hydroxylation at the <alpha> -position of carbonyl group, the stereospecific hydrogenation of the C-C double bond adjacent to carbonyl group, and the enantioselective conversion of the hydroxyl, carbonyl, and acetoxyl groups and the C-C double bond.(2) The oxidoreduction between cyclic alcohols and their corresponding ketones in the cultured cells of N. tabacum was governed by an <NAD^+> - dependent alcohol dehydrogenase and the balance in the equilibrium of the oxidoreduction was correlated with the <^(13)C> NMR chemical shift of the carbonyl carbon.(3) The time-courses in the oxidoreduction in the cultured cells can be predicted on the basis of the permeability of the substrates into the cells and the <^(13)C> NMR chemical shifts of the carbonyl carbon.(4) The accumulation of mono- and sesquiterpenoids in the culture plantlets of z. officinale and M. spicata can be controlled by the combination of the ouxin and the basal culture medium.