Development of a new male sterility-fertility restoration system for hybrid wheat breeding

虽然许多机构和研究人员多年来一直致力于利用小麦细胞质及其育性恢复基因培育杂交小麦，但迄今为止还没有报道杂交小麦的成功。Mukai和Tsunewaki（1979）提出用山羊草的细胞质代替timopheevi细胞质，说明了前者比后者的优点。本研究旨在利用小麦的Kotschyi细胞质，建立一种新的小麦雄性不育育性恢复体系。（1）以普通小麦中国春为轮回花粉亲本，通过三次回交，获得了一个具有Kotsuchyi细胞质的雄性不育系--（Ktschyi）-Spelta。在每次回交后，使杂种自花授粉，并且将分离的雄性不育后代用作进一步回交的母本。频率 关于我们 自交各世代雄性不育率均低于1%。将B3 S代的雄性不育植株与保加利亚的J. panayotov博士培育的保持林斯911 B杂交，This cross produced a uniform，这个十字架产生了一个统一的，maleje Fl Jine. (2)保持系的生产--将斯卑尔塔×中国春的F_2代约50株与（kotschyi）-斯卑尔塔测交，同时进行自花授粉。通过对测交后代自交结实性的检测，筛选出4个可作为K型不育系保持系的F_2代不育系。(3)具有Kotschyi细胞质的三交杂种的田间试验-将上述雄性不育F1系与8个日本栽培种杂交，并将所得三交杂种在田间试验小区中重复试验4次。结果表明，本不育-育性恢复体系比利用梯莫菲夫细胞质的不育系产量高得多。1）斯卑尔塔小麦完全不育系，具有科氏细胞质

Although a large number of institutions and researchers were involved for many years in breeding hybrid wheat using Triticum timopheevi cytoplasm and fertility-restoring genes for this cytoplasm, no success of hybrid wheat has reported so far. Mukai and Tsunewaki (1979) proposed to use the cytoplasm of Aegilops kotsuchyi, instead of the timopheevi cytoplasm, enumarating the advantages of the former's over the latter's use. The present project has aimed to develop a new male sterilityfertility restoration system for hybrid wheat breeding, utilizing the kotschyi cytoplasm. For the past three years period, the following experiments were conducted:(1) Production of a male sterile line with the kotsuchyi cytoplasm --- (Ktschyi)-Spelta was backcrossed three times to a common wheat, Chinese Spring, as a recurrent pollen parent. After each backcross, the hybrids, were self-pollinadted, and the segregating male sterile offspring were used as the female parent for further backcross. Frequency of … More the male steriles was very low (less than 1%) in all selfed generations. The male sterile plants in the B3S generation were crossed to a maintainer lins, 911B, developed by Dr. J. panayotov, Bulgaria., This cross produced a uniform, malesterije Fl Jine.(2) Production of the maintaine lines --- About 50 F2 plants of the cross, Spelta x Chinese Spring, were test-crossed to (kotschyi)-Spelta, and at the same time, self-pollinated. By examining selfed seed fertility of the test-crossed progenies, four F2 lines which can be served as the maintainer of the male sterile line having the kotschyi cytoplasm were selected.(3) Field trial of the triple-cross hybride having the kotschyi cytoplasm --- The male sterile F1 line stated above was crossed to eight Japanese cultivers, and the resultant triple-cross hybrids were tested in an experimental field plot in four replicates. The results demonstrated that the present male sterility-fertility restoration system gave much higher-yielding hybrid wheat than the system utulizing the timopheeve cytoplasm.1) Completely male sterile line of Spelta wheat having the kotschyi cytoplasm Less