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Molecular studies on cytoplasmic variation in three major crops and their related species and its utilization in the breeding

三大作物及其近缘种细胞质变异的分子研究及其在育种中的应用

基本信息

批准号：
61304014
负责人：
TSUNEWAKI Koichiro
金额：
$ 4.48万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1986 至 1987
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The present cooperative research aimed to clarify cytoplasmic variation in rice, wheat and sugar beet, including their wild relatives, by various molecular techniques, and to utilize the variation in breeding of these crops. The research was conducted on the following seven items:1) Restriction endonuclease analysis and construction of the physical map of organellar DNAs: Detailed physical map of chloroplast (ct) DNA was conctructed in Japanese rice, common wheat and sugar beet. Restriction endonuclease analysis was carried out using a large number of accessions of diploid Oryza species, all Triticum and Aegilops species, and 11 Beta species. From the results, a phylogenetic tree of the chloroplast genome was constructed for each genus.2) Construction of the organellar DNA library: CtDNA library was constructed in rice, common wheat and sugar beet. About 70% of the HindIII fragments of wheat mitochondrial (mt) DNA were cloned.3) Studies on small circle mtDNAs: Two small circle DNAs, B- … More 1 and B-2, in mitochondria of male sterile rice were cloned, and partially or completely sequenced, respectively. These DNA species disappeared from mitochondria of the male fertile revertants. Eight different molecular species of small circle DNA were present in different combinations in ten male fertile or sterile accessions of sugar beet.4) Analysis on chloroplast genes: Ten to 18 chloroplast genes were located inthe physical map of each rice, common wheat and sugar beet. Complete nucleotide sequence of the genes, rbcL, atpB, aptE and psbA of rice, and rbcL genes of common wheat and three Aegilops species was determined.5) Cloning and sequencing the ars regions of mtDNA: Two sequences having the ars activity were isolated from rice mtDNA,and sequenced. They had the characteristic structures of the ars region.6) Genetic characterization of alien cytoplasms introduced into crop species: O. sativa cytoplasm was transferred into O. glaberrima, and the male sterile line was produced. Four new male sterile cytoplasms were identified among those introduced from O. rufipogon. Ae. searsii was found to be the cytoplasm donor to two tetraploid species, Ae. kotschyi and Ae. variabilis. Some alloplasmic wheat lines showed different photosynthetic and/or electron transport activities from the normal wheat line.7) Use of alien cytoplasms: Triple cross whear hybrids produced using Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm were more productive than the F_1 hybrids produced using t. timopheevi. cytoplasm. A common wheat line yielding twin seedlings at a high frequency was also produced using Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Less

本次合作研究的目的是通过各种分子技术阐明水稻、小麦和甜菜及其野生近缘的细胞质变异，并利用这些作物的变异进行育种。1)限制性内切酶分析和细胞器DNA物理图谱的构建：构建了日本水稻、普通小麦和甜菜叶绿体DNA的详细物理图谱。对二倍体水稻、普通小麦和山羊草属以及11个贝塔属植物的大量材料进行了限制性内切酶分析。2)细胞器DNA文库的构建：构建了水稻、普通小麦和甜菜的ctDNA文库。约70%的小麦线粒体HindIII片段被克隆。3)小环mtDNA的研究：两个小环DNA，B-…分别在水稻雄性不育系线粒体中克隆了多个1和B-2，并对其进行了部分或完全测序。这些DNA物种从雄性可育回复体的线粒体中消失。在10个甜菜雄性可育和不育材料的不同组合中存在8个不同的小环DNA分子种。4)叶绿体基因分析：在水稻、普通小麦和甜菜的物理图谱上各有10~18个叶绿体基因。测定了水稻的rbcL、atpB、Apte和PSBA基因以及普通小麦和三种山羊草的rbcL基因的全序列。5)线粒体DNA ARS区的克隆和测序：从水稻mtDNA中分离到两个具有ARS活性的序列，并进行了序列分析。6)异源细胞质导入作物的遗传特性：将水稻细胞质导入水稻，获得水稻雄性不育系。在从普通野生稻引进的细胞质中，鉴定出4个新的雄性不育细胞质。天哪。Searsii是两个四倍体物种Ae.Kotschyi和Ae.变种。一些异质小麦品系表现出与正常小麦品系不同的光合作用和/或电子传递活性。7)异源细胞质的利用：利用Ae.Kotschyi细胞质的产量高于用timopheevi产生的F_1代。细胞质。还利用Ae产生了一个高频产生双胞胎的普通小麦品系。Kotschyi细胞质。较少