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Breeding a hard, winter type durum wheat by the gene shuttling method

基因穿梭法选育硬质冬型硬粒小麦

基本信息

批准号：
07556134
负责人：
TSUNEWAKI Koichiro
金额：
$ 4.8万
依托单位：
Fukui Prefectural University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07556134/
关键词：
Gene shuttling Chromosome Engineering Durum wheat Bread wheat Baking quality Semidwarfism Winter habit 矮性耐寒性

项目摘要

Common wheat (genome, AABBDD) carries agronomically important genes, such as Glu-D1d gene (on chromosome 1D) for high baking quality, Rht2 gene (on 4D) for semidwarfism, and vrn3 (on 5D) for strong winter growth habit, which are not found in durum wheat (AABB). The present investigation aimed to transfer those genes to durum wheat using the D-genome chromosome substitution lines of a durum wheat.(1) Transfer of the Glu-D1d gene : Langdon's 1D (1A) and 1D (1B) substitution lines were crossed to two bread wheat cultivars, Max and Stoa, which carry a Glu-D1d allele for the best glutenin fractions. Several F_2 plants having 2n=28 and Glu-D1d allele in the homozygous condition were successfully selected. Grains set by self-pollination were harvested and flour characteristics were tested. Two doses of the Glu-D1d allele did not change protein content of flour but its mixing tolerance clearly was increased, and loaf volume and texture were improved, comparing to the Langdon's flour.(2) Transf … More er of the Rht genes : Japanese cultivar, Norin 10, that carries two semidwarf genes, Rht1 and Rht2, was crossed to Langdon and in the F_2 generation selection was made on chromosome number and plant height. An F_3 line was obtained that carries the Rht1 and vrn1 genes both in homozygous condition. In another experiment, crosses were made between Norin 10 and Langdon's 4D (4A) and 4D (4B) substitution lines and in the F_2 generation selection was made on chromosome number and plant height. Several short culm plants having nearly 2n=28 were obtained, which are assumed to be the Rht2 homozygote in the durum background.(3) Transfer of the vrn genes : To produce a durum line having both the vrn1 and vrn3 genes, Langdon's 5D (5B) substitution line was crossed to two Japanese winter cultivars of common wheat, and selection was made on chromosome number in the F_2 generation, and on growth habit in the F_3 generation. Several F_3 plants having strong winter growth habit and nearly 2n=28 chromosomes were obtained, which are assumed to be the homozygote of both vrn genes. Less

普通小麦基因组（genome，AABBDD）中含有重要的农艺性状基因，如1D染色体上的高烘烤品质基因Glu-D1 d、4D染色体上的半矮秆基因Rht 2和5D染色体上的冬性强基因vrn 3，这些基因在硬粒小麦（durum wheat，AABB）中均未发现。本研究旨在利用硬粒小麦D-染色体组染色体代换系将这些基因转移到硬粒小麦中。(1)Glu-D1 d基因的转移：将Langdon的1D（1A）和1D（1B）替代系与两个面包小麦品种Max和Stoa杂交，这两个品种携带Glu-D1 d等位基因以获得最佳谷蛋白组分。在纯合条件下，成功地筛选出了2n=28、Glu-D1 d等位基因的F_2代植株。收获自花授粉结实的籽粒，测定其面粉特性。Glu-D1 d等位基因的两个剂量对面粉的蛋白质含量没有影响，但其混合耐受性明显提高，面包体积和质构得到改善，与兰登面粉相比。(2)转移 ...更多信息 Rht基因：以携带两个半矮秆基因Rht 1和Rht 2的日本品种野林10与Langdon杂交，在F_2代进行了染色体数目和株高的选择。获得了一个携带Rht 1和vrn 1基因的F_3代纯合株系。另一个试验用Norin 10与Langdon的4D（4A）和4D（4 B）代换系杂交，在F_2代进行染色体数目和株高的选择。获得了几个短秆植株，其具有近2n=28，这被认为是硬粒土背景中的Rht 2纯合子。(3)vrn基因的转移：用Langdon的5D（5 B）代换系与两个日本冬小麦品种杂交，在F_2代进行了染色体数目选择，F_3代进行了生长习性选择，获得了同时含有vrn 1和vrn 3基因的硬粒小麦品系。在F_3中获得了几株冬性较强的植株，染色体数接近2n=28，推测它们是两个vrn基因的纯合体。少