Organellar DNA variation in some economic plants and their wild relatives

本项目旨在分析经济植物及其野生近缘种的细胞器DNA变异，以阐明它们的系统发育关系以及前者的起源。采用的材料、方法和结果如下：(1)从禾本科7个部落的10种谷物中提取叶绿体dna并进行限制性内切酶分析。为其叶绿体基因组构建的系统发育树与以前通过分类学研究为这些物种建立的系统发育树相同，除了一个小点。(2)从小麦（Triticum）和小麦（Aegilops）近缘属的几乎所有种中提取了线粒体dna （ct）和线粒体dna （mt）并进行了研究。利用它们的ctdna对Rubisco的大亚基进行了限制性内切酶分析、物理图谱的构建和rbcL基因的全测序，而用mtdna进行了限制性内切酶分析和RFLP分析。根据这些结果，澄清了叶绿体和线粒体基因组之间的系统发育关系，并确定了几乎所有多倍体物种的母本。(3)分别从5种Secale （fye）、7种Hordeum（大麦）和19种Avena（燕麦）中提取ctdna，并进行物理图谱构建和限制性内切酶分析。根据这些结果，揭示了各属的种间关系和作物物种的起源。小麦属（Triticum）、猪属（Aegilops）、猪属（Secale）、猪属（Hordeum）和玉米属（Avena） 5个属的ctdna进化变化率基本一致。(4)以水稻4个a -基因组二倍体品种（66份）为材料，进行了ctDNA的限制性内切酶分析。根据研究结果，对2个栽培种和2个生态种籼稻和粳稻细胞质的来源进行了分析。(5)对竹属13种22变种进行了线粒体DNA的限制性内切酶分析和RFLP分析。在此基础上，构建了这些物种的系统发育树。(6)对山药属薯蓣属4种（15个克隆）和茄属20种（44个克隆）的ctDNA进行了限制性内切酶分析。根据研究结果，阐明了各属的种间关系和栽培种的起源。(7)对11种李属植物的ctdna进行了限制性内切酶分析，明确了它们的系统发育关系。Someiyoshino的雌性父母被发现是江户根。少

The present project has aimed to analyze organellar DNA variation in economic plants and their wild relatives, in order to clarify their phylogenetic relationships as well as the origin of the former. The materials used, the methods employed and the results obtained are as follows:(1) From 10 cereal species, representing 7 tribes in Gramineae, chloroplast (ct) DNAs were extracted and their restriction endonuclease analysis was performed. A phylogenetic tree constructed for their chlorplast genomes was the same as that previously established for those species by taxonomical studies, except one minor point.(2) From practically all the species of two related genera Triticum (wheat) and Aegilops, ct and mt (mitochondrial) DNAs were extracted, and studied. With their ctDNAs, restriction endonuclease analysis, construction of physical maps and complete sequencing of a gene rbcL for the Rubisco's large subunit were carried out, whereas restriction endonuclease analysis and RFLP analysis were … More made with mtDNAs. From those results, phylogenetic relationships among chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes were clarified, and the maternal parents of almost all polyploid species were determined.(3) From 5 species of Secale (fye), 7 species and 17 subspecies of Hordeum (barley), and 19 species of Avena (oats), ctDNAs were extracted, and physical map construction and restriction endonuclease analysis were made. From these results, interspecific relationships in each genus, and the origin of crop species were revealed. The rates of evolutionary changes of ctDNAs in 5 genera, Triticum, Aegilops, Secale, Hordeum and Avena, appeared to be almost the same.(4) Using 4 A-genome diploid species (66 accessions) of Oryza (rice), restriction endonuclease analysis of ctDNA was carried out. From the results, the origin of cytoplasms of 2 cultivated species and 2 ecospecies, Indica and Japonica, was elucidated.(5) Using 13 species and 22 varieties of a bamboo genus Phy11ostachys, restriction endonuclease analysis and RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA were made. Based on the results, a phylogenetic tree of these species was constructed.(6) Using 4 species (15 clones) of a yam genus Dioscrea, and 20 species (44 clones) of Solanum, restriction endonuclease analysis of ctDNA was carried out. From the results, interspecific relationships in each genus and the origin of cultivated species were clarified.(7) Restriction endonuclease analysis of ctDNAs from 11 Prunus species was made, and their phylogenetic relationships were clarified. The female parent of Someiyoshino was found to be Edohigan. Less