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Organellar DNA variation in some economic plants and their wild relatives

一些经济植物及其野生近缘种的细胞器 DNA 变异

基本信息

批准号：
60400005
负责人：
TSUNEWAKI Koichiro
金额：
$ 12.16万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1985
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1985 至 1988
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-60400005/
关键词：
Origin of cultivated species Phylogeny Organellar DNA Restriction endonuclease analysis RFLP analysis Cytoplasm donor Gramineae tuber crops(根菜類)葉緑体DNA ミトコンドリアDNA 遺伝子rbcL 全構造決定系統分化 Rubisco コムギ属エギロプス属イネ属 Aegilops triunc

项目摘要

The present project has aimed to analyze organellar DNA variation in economic plants and their wild relatives, in order to clarify their phylogenetic relationships as well as the origin of the former. The materials used, the methods employed and the results obtained are as follows:(1) From 10 cereal species, representing 7 tribes in Gramineae, chloroplast (ct) DNAs were extracted and their restriction endonuclease analysis was performed. A phylogenetic tree constructed for their chlorplast genomes was the same as that previously established for those species by taxonomical studies, except one minor point.(2) From practically all the species of two related genera Triticum (wheat) and Aegilops, ct and mt (mitochondrial) DNAs were extracted, and studied. With their ctDNAs, restriction endonuclease analysis, construction of physical maps and complete sequencing of a gene rbcL for the Rubisco's large subunit were carried out, whereas restriction endonuclease analysis and RFLP analysis were … More made with mtDNAs. From those results, phylogenetic relationships among chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes were clarified, and the maternal parents of almost all polyploid species were determined.(3) From 5 species of Secale (fye), 7 species and 17 subspecies of Hordeum (barley), and 19 species of Avena (oats), ctDNAs were extracted, and physical map construction and restriction endonuclease analysis were made. From these results, interspecific relationships in each genus, and the origin of crop species were revealed. The rates of evolutionary changes of ctDNAs in 5 genera, Triticum, Aegilops, Secale, Hordeum and Avena, appeared to be almost the same.(4) Using 4 A-genome diploid species (66 accessions) of Oryza (rice), restriction endonuclease analysis of ctDNA was carried out. From the results, the origin of cytoplasms of 2 cultivated species and 2 ecospecies, Indica and Japonica, was elucidated.(5) Using 13 species and 22 varieties of a bamboo genus Phy11ostachys, restriction endonuclease analysis and RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA were made. Based on the results, a phylogenetic tree of these species was constructed.(6) Using 4 species (15 clones) of a yam genus Dioscrea, and 20 species (44 clones) of Solanum, restriction endonuclease analysis of ctDNA was carried out. From the results, interspecific relationships in each genus and the origin of cultivated species were clarified.(7) Restriction endonuclease analysis of ctDNAs from 11 Prunus species was made, and their phylogenetic relationships were clarified. The female parent of Someiyoshino was found to be Edohigan. Less

本项目旨在分析经济植物及其野生近缘植物的细胞器DNA变异，以阐明它们的系统发育关系以及前者的起源。所用材料、方法及所得结果如下：(1)从代表禾本科7个族的10个谷类物种中提取叶绿体(ct)DNA并进行限制性内切酶分析。除了一个小问题外，为其叶绿体基因组构建的系统发育树与之前通过分类学研究为这些物种建立的系统发育树相同。(2) 从几乎所有两个相关属小麦和山羊草属的物种中，提取了 ct 和 mt（线粒体）DNA，并进行了研究。利用其 ctDNA，进行了限制性内切酶分析、物理图谱构建以及 Rubisco 大亚基基因 rbcL 的完整测序，而限制性内切酶分析和 RFLP 分析则是利用 mtDNA 进行的。由此，阐明了叶绿体和线粒体基因组之间的系统发育关系，并确定了几乎所有多倍体物种的母本。(3)从黑麦属5种、大麦属7种17亚种、燕麦属19种中提取了ctDNA，并进行了物理图谱构建和限制性内切酶分析。从这些结果中，揭示了每个属的种间关系以及作物物种的起源。小麦属、山羊草属、黑麦属、大麦属和燕麦属5个属的ctDNA的进化变化率似乎几乎相同。(4)以稻(Oryza)的4个A基因组二倍体物种(66份)为对象，对ctDNA进行了限制性内切酶分析。由此阐明了籼稻和粳稻2个栽培种和2个生态种的细胞质来源。(5)以毛竹属13种22个变种为材料,进行了限制性内切酶分析和线粒体DNA的RFLP分析。在此基础上构建了这些物种的系统发育树。(6)以山药属薯蓣属4种(15个克隆)和茄属植物20种(44个克隆)为材料,进行了ctDNA的限制性内切酶分析。结果阐明了各属的种间关系和栽培种的起源。(7)对11个李属植物的ctDNA进行限制性内切酶分析,明确了它们的系统发育关系。染井吉野的母亲被发现是江户彼岸。较少的