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Development of a High-speed Spindle System with a Preload Adjusting Mechanism

带预紧调整机构的高速主轴系统的研制

基本信息

批准号：
63850036
负责人：
INASAKI Ichiro
金额：
$ 3.33万
依托单位：
Faculty of Science and Technology, KEIO University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Ball bearings are usually used for spindle systems under preloading. This is an important factor affecting static and dynamic behaviors of machine tools during cutting operations. However, an excessive preload causes a sudden rise of bearing temperature and bearing seizure at high-speed operations. Therefore, the preload on bearings should be adjusted according to the cutting conditions.In this research, a new spindle system was developed by installing a preload adjusting mechanism using piezo-electric and hydraulic actuators. A new type of oil-air lubrication system was also developed by applying piezoelectric nozzles to the oil-air mixing equipment. The performance of the developed spindle system was evaluated through the impulse-force response test and cutting test. The results obtained through the tests are summarized below. (1) The quality of lubrication was improved by using the piezoelectric oil-air mixing equipment instead of the conventional type. (2) The temperature rise of bearings during high speed operations is effectively suppressed by adjusting a preload at low level, and the occurrence of bearing seizure is also suppressed. (3) The static and the dynamic behaviors of the spindle system are improved by adjusting a preload at high level. (4) By increasing a preload, the occurrence of chatter vibration is effectively suppressed. (5) Higher static and dynamic stiffness are obtained by using the piezo-electric actuators instead of the hydraulic actuators.The developed new spindle system can be applied not only heavy duty cutting operations but also high-speed cutting operations.

球轴承通常用于预加载的主轴系统。这是影响机床在切削过程中的静态和动态行为的一个重要因素。然而，过大的预载会导致轴承温度突然升高，并在高速运行时导致轴承卡住。因此，轴承上的预紧力应根据切削条件进行调整。在本研究中，一种新的主轴系统，安装预紧力调整机构，使用压电和液压致动器。将压电陶瓷喷嘴应用于油气混合装置，研制了一种新型油气润滑系统。通过脉冲力响应试验和切削试验对所研制的主轴系统的性能进行了评价。通过测试获得的结果总结如下。(1)用压电式油气混合装置代替传统的油气混合装置，提高了润滑质量。(2)通过将预载荷调整为低水平，可以有效地抑制高速运转时轴承的温度上升，并且还可以抑制轴承咬合的发生。(3)通过调节高水平的预紧力，改善了主轴系统的静态和动态性能。(4)通过增加预载荷，有效地抑制了颤振的发生。(5)采用压电作动器代替液压作动器，获得了更高的静、动态刚度，不仅适用于重载切削加工，而且适用于高速切削加工。