Systematization of wood species and its use excavated from relics in Japan

收集了之前涉及日本出土木材鉴定的467份报告，鉴定出的木质遗骸达55,742具；总记录数量为11965件。因此，我们的数据库涵盖了大约60,000件已识别的木器或木器，这些木器或木器可以分别按木器、树种、时代和文物进行分类。此外，一些著名木材的利用，如Sugi(柳杉)和Hinoki(Chamaecyparis Obtusa)，很容易按木器、年代、文物和参考文献的顺序列出。对树种和用途的研究结果如下：Hinoki最常用于宫殿等古建筑的柱子。第二个重要的建筑树种是近木县的Kouyamaki(Sciadaditys Verticillata)和Sizuoka县的Inumaki(Podocarpus MacPhyllus)。Kaya(Torreya Nucifera)和Matu(Diploxron)以及Sugi和Kusunoki(樟树)经常被用作木船。约90%的农具被鉴定为喀什(Quercus sp.，Sylobalanopsis)。虽然小叶黄杨在明治以后被认为是最好的梳子材料，但在古代，Isunoki(Distylium Racemosum)被用作梳子的次数远远多于Tsuge(小叶黄杨)。Sugi和Hinoki是日本木鞋最受欢迎的材料。Hoonoki(玉兰)是明治时代以后经常使用的植物，在古代并不经常使用。泡桐(Paulownia Tomentosa)通常被认为是制作日本木鞋的最好材料，但根本没有使用。Sugi、Hinoki、Keyaki(Zelkova Serrata)、Kusunoki、Sakura(Prunus sp.)和库瓦(Morus Australis)是制作木制容器的最佳材料。Kouyamaki在Kinki区经常用来制作木棺，而Hinoki在其他地区用来制作木棺。这些结果来自于古代树种信息数据库及其使用的成功。

The previous 467 reports, dealing with the identification of excavated wood in Japan, were collected and the identified wooden remains came up to 55,742; the total record number was 11965. Thus, our data base covers ca. 60,000 of identified wood or wooden implements, which are possible to be sorted by wooden implements, tree species, era, and relics, respectively. Furthermore, the utilization of some distinguished wood, for example, Sugi(Cryptomeria japonica) and Hinoki(Chamaecyparis obtusa) is easy to list up in order of wooden implements, era, relics and references. The results for tree species and use are as follows: Hinoki was most frequently used for the pillars of ancient buildings such as palace. The second important tree species for buildings was Kouyamaki(Sciadopitys verticillata) in Kinki district and Inumaki(Podocarpus macrophyllus) in Sizuoka prefecture. Kaya(Torreya nucifera) and Matu(Diploxylon) as well as Sugi and Kusunoki(Cinnamomum camphora) were frequently used for log-boats. About 90 % of agricultural implements were identified as Kashi(Quercus sp., Syclobalanopsis). Isunoki(Distylium racemosum) was used for comb much more than Tsuge(Buxus microphylla) in ancient era, though the latter is known as the best materials for comb after Meiji era. Sugi and Hinoki were the most popular materials for Japanese wooden clogs. Hoonoki(Magnolia obovata), frequently used after Meiji era, was not used very often in ancient era. Kiri(Paulownia tomentosa) which is commonly known as the best materials for the Japanese clogs was not used at all. Sugi, Hinoki, Keyaki(Zelkova serrata), Kusunoki, Sakura(Prunus sp.) and Kuwa(Morus australis) were the best materials for wooden vessels. Kouyamaki was used for wooden coffins very often in Kinki district, while Hinoki was used for those in other district. These results came from the success of data base on the informations of tree species and its use in ancient era.