Systematization of wood species and its use excavated from relics in Japan

先前的467份关于日本出土木材鉴定的报告被收集起来，鉴定的木材遗骸达55,742件；总记录数为11965。因此，我们的数据库涵盖了约60,000件已识别的木材或木器，可以分别按木器、树种、时代和文物进行分类。此外，一些特殊木材的使用，如杉木（Cryptomeria japonica）和Hinoki(Chamaecyparis obtusa)，很容易按照木器、时代、文物和参考文献的顺序列出。从树种和用途上看，红木最常用于宫殿等古建筑的支柱；其次是近基地区的Kouyamaki（Sciadopitys verticillata）和四冈县的Inumaki（Podocarpus macrophyllus）。Kaya（香榧）和Matu（梁龙）以及Sugi和Kusunoki（樟树）经常被用来做圆木船。约90%的农具被鉴定为喀什（栎属，Syclobalanopsis）。在古代，Isunoki（diylium racemosum）比Tsuge（Buxus microphylla）使用得更多，尽管后者在明治时代之后被认为是梳子的最佳材料。杉木和Hinoki是日本木屐最流行的材料。白玉兰在明治时代以后被广泛使用，但在古代并不常用。通常被认为是日本木屐最好的材料的泡桐（泡桐）根本没有被使用。杉木、Hinoki、Keyaki（Zelkova serrata）、Kusunoki、Sakura（Prunus sp.）和Kuwa（Morus australis）是木质容器的最佳材料。在近木地区，木棺通常使用Kouyamaki，而在其他地区，木棺使用Hinoki。这些结果来源于古代树种信息数据库的成功建立和利用。

The previous 467 reports, dealing with the identification of excavated wood in Japan, were collected and the identified wooden remains came up to 55,742; the total record number was 11965. Thus, our data base covers ca. 60,000 of identified wood or wooden implements, which are possible to be sorted by wooden implements, tree species, era, and relics, respectively. Furthermore, the utilization of some distinguished wood, for example, Sugi(Cryptomeria japonica) and Hinoki(Chamaecyparis obtusa) is easy to list up in order of wooden implements, era, relics and references. The results for tree species and use are as follows: Hinoki was most frequently used for the pillars of ancient buildings such as palace. The second important tree species for buildings was Kouyamaki(Sciadopitys verticillata) in Kinki district and Inumaki(Podocarpus macrophyllus) in Sizuoka prefecture. Kaya(Torreya nucifera) and Matu(Diploxylon) as well as Sugi and Kusunoki(Cinnamomum camphora) were frequently used for log-boats. About 90 % of agricultural implements were identified as Kashi(Quercus sp., Syclobalanopsis). Isunoki(Distylium racemosum) was used for comb much more than Tsuge(Buxus microphylla) in ancient era, though the latter is known as the best materials for comb after Meiji era. Sugi and Hinoki were the most popular materials for Japanese wooden clogs. Hoonoki(Magnolia obovata), frequently used after Meiji era, was not used very often in ancient era. Kiri(Paulownia tomentosa) which is commonly known as the best materials for the Japanese clogs was not used at all. Sugi, Hinoki, Keyaki(Zelkova serrata), Kusunoki, Sakura(Prunus sp.) and Kuwa(Morus australis) were the best materials for wooden vessels. Kouyamaki was used for wooden coffins very often in Kinki district, while Hinoki was used for those in other district. These results came from the success of data base on the informations of tree species and its use in ancient era.