Individual Binaural Synthesis of Virtual Acoustic Scenes

近年来，虚拟现实（VR）已经成为许多领域的重大影响。关于VR的技术发展，传统上的重点是视觉组件。然而，听觉组件对于令人信服的应用程序是必不可少的。基于耳机的声学虚拟现实渲染方法多种多样。基于模型的双耳合成使用头部相关传递函数（hrtf）来实现单个虚拟声源的听觉化。在基于数据的双耳合成中，麦克风阵列与音频信号处理和hrtf相结合。人工头部的通用hrtf可能会导致两种方法在头部定位，前后混淆和音色方面的问题。有许多快速测量个体hrtf的方法和通用hrtf个性化的算法。然而，对于前者，由于仪器和受试者运动的影响，缺乏对测量不确定度的系统验证。这同样适用于通用hrtf个体化算法的验证。基于模型和数据的双耳合成算法中的测量不确定性和近似值对声学场景的真实性和合理性的影响是本项目的中心目标。这里的关键问题是，与通用hrtf相比，在个性化或单独测量hrtf的帮助下，虚拟声学场景的改进可以在多大程度上实现。除了仪器测量外，还采用了听力实验的实证研究来进行评估。

In recent years, Virtual Reality (VR) has become a major impact in many areas. With respect to the technical development of VR, the focus has traditionally been on the visual component. However, the auditory component is essential for a convincing application. There are various methods available for headphone-based rendering of acoustic virtual reality. Model-based binaural synthesis uses Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) for the auralization of individual virtual sound sources. In data-based binaural synthesis, microphone arrays are used in combination with audio signal processing and HRTFs. Generic HRTFs of artificial heads can cause problems with both approaches in terms of in-the head localization, front-back confusions and timbre. There are numerous methods for the fast measurement of individual HRTFs and algorithms for the individualization of generic HRTFs. For the former, however, there is a lack of systematic validation of measurement uncertainties due to the apparatus and to the influence of the subject's movement. The same applies to the validation of algorithms for the individualization of generic HRTFs. The effects of measurement uncertainties and approximations in the algorithms of model- and data-based binaural synthesis on the authenticity and plausibility of acoustic scenes are the central goal of this project. Here the essential question is to what extent an improvement of a virtual acoustic scene can be achieved with the help of individualized or individually measured HRTFs in comparison to generic HRTFs. In addition to instrumental measurements, empirical studies applying listening experiments are used for the evaluation.