Development of Innovative Technologies and Tools for Flexibility Assessment and Enhancement of Future Power Systems

在电力系统中，运行灵活性对于平衡负荷和不可调度发电之间的长期和短期差异至关重要。由于可再生能源发电量波动的份额越来越大，对灵活性的需求在未来几年将急剧增加。传统上，这种灵活性差距通过安装成本和资源密集型技术（如化石发电厂或抽水蓄能系统）来弥补。为了避免这些大规模的投资，已经开发了利用电力系统固有灵活性的其他方法，其中许多方法使用预先存在的技术单元的现有自由度。这种方法也被称为需求侧或供应侧管理，包括分布式技术单元的操作，每次都符合电力系统的要求，称为分布式灵活性。从传输系统的角度来看，分布式灵活性选项通常是建模与高度的抽象，忽略了潜在的影响分配水平。相反，配电网的灵活性往往是非常详细的建模，但灵活性激活的目标往往在于配电网本身。因此，这些分析忽略了对覆盖系统中的灵活性或技术限制的额外需求。此外，在实践中，相同的灵活性可以单独用于一种应用或另一种应用，但不能同时用于两者。 velop一个统一的建模方法，分布式的灵活性。虽然最近的方法未能在电力系统的不同层的灵活性的共同理解，申请人将开发一个建模框架，允许详细量化的灵活性潜力与分布为导向的角度，以及在系统范围内的观点。在这种方法中，详细的技术优化模型的分布式灵活性的调度实施和增强的手段，广泛的随机模拟在第一步。在第二步中，该模型的系统行为通过人工智能和机器学习的方法进行分析、学习并最终再现。由此产生的多层模型的分布式灵活性，随后允许一个更准确的量化的分布式灵活性和新颖的分析，对配电和输电系统的交叉影响。 在实践中，这种建模方法将是至关重要的欧洲和俄罗斯的输电和配电网的有效规划。分布式灵活性的改进量化将允许更安全和稳定的电网运行。此外，分布式灵活性的多层次考虑对于最大限度地减少整体电网扩展需求以及有效规划发电厂容量和能源市场非常重要。

In electrical power systems, operational flexibility is crucial for the balancing of long- and short-term disparities between load and non-dispatchable generation. Due to the increasing share of fluctuating power generation from renewable resources, this demand for flexibility is going to drastically increase in the oncoming years. Conventionally, this flexibility gap is closed by installation of cost- and recourse-intensive technologies like fossil power plants or pump storage systems. In order to avoid these large-scale investments, other ways of using a power system’s inherent flexibility have been developed, many of them using already existing degrees of freedom of pre-existing technical units. This approach is also known as demand- or supply-side management and comprises the operation of distributed technical units in line with the requirements of the electric power system at a time and is called distributed flexibility. From a transmission system’s perspective, distributed flexibility options are usually modelled with a high degree of abstraction, neglecting potential influences on the distribution level. In contrary, flexibility in distribution grids is often modelled very detailed, but the objective of the flexibility activation lies most often in the distribution grid itself. Thus, these analyses neglect the additional demand for flexibility or technical restrictions in the overlaying system. In addition, the same flexibility can in practice either be used for one application or another individually, but not for both at the same time. velop a unified modelling approach for distributed flexibility. While recent approaches fail at common understanding of flexibility in the different layers of the power system, the applicants will develop a modelling framework that allows the detailed quantification of flexibility potentials with a distribution-oriented perspective as well as on a system-wide view. In this approach, detailed technical optimisation models for the dispatch of distributed flexibility are implemented and enhanced by means of an extensive stochastic simulation in a first step. The systematic behaviour of this model is in a second step analysed, learned and finally reproduced by methods of artificial intelligence and machine learning. The resulting multilevel model of distributed flexibility subsequently allows a much more accurate quantification of the distributed flexibility together and novel analyses of the cross-impact on distribution and transmission systems. In practice, such modelling approaches will be crucial for an efficient planning of European and Russian transmission and distribution grids. The improved quantification of distributed flexibility will allow a more secure and stable grid operation. Additionally, the multilevel consideration of distributed flexibility is important for minimising the overall grid expansion demand and efficient planning of power plant capacity and energy markets.