Russian-Soviet Viticulture in Global Historical Perspective (1860-1941)

全球历史视角下的俄苏葡萄栽培（1860-1941）

• 批准号: 409727709
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Lutz Häfner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsbereich Geschichte des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/409727709?language=en
• 关键词: Russian; Soviet; Viticulture; Global; Historical

The research project takes a synthesizing perspective on winegrowing, wine consumption and cellar techniques in Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union from the end of the Crimean War up to the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. It pursues an entangled history with its local, regional and global aspects and consequences.At the beginning of the 20th century, Russia was among the top ten wine producing countries in the world. Contemporaries were not only particularly pleased with the high quality of Crimean sparkling wines but also with the full-bodied dessert wines. International experts were convinced that grape culture had become a power in Russia during the last decades of the 19th century and that the Russian confidently expect to make grape culture one of their leading products. In an international comparing perspective the project shows how Imperial and Soviet wine makers coped with devastating ecologic, economic, and political crises such as pests and phylloxera, World War I that went along with the prohibition of alcoholic beverages, Revolution, Civil War and the collectivization.Specific climatic conditions are a prerequisite to grow wine. The wine producing regions were basically located at the southern peripheries of the Russian Empire, ranging from Bessarabia via the littoral of the Black Sea including Taurida and Don provinces to the slopes of the Caucasus Mountains. The commodity wine, however, was imported and exported via different ports and border cities. Accordingly, not only divergent transregional and transnational interdependencies arose from these different conditions but also varying imaginations of the global, as well as individual belongings and affiliations.This project will examine wine not only as a globally circulating object of knowledge but also as a consumer product with its overarching economic and scientific ties, transfers and sometimes failed interactions. Moreover, it will also examine any deliberate distinctions and disintegrative aspects of Imperial Russian and Soviet history what may have led to the fact that most global histories have widely disregarded the empire up to now. The project focuses on three different aspects: first, the international wine blight, which existentially threatened many producers in France, as well as in Germany and Russia, second, the ways of acquisition and transfer of knowledge via different national and international educational institutions, public spheres and forums and finally, the adulteration of wine and trade mark counterfeiting and the actions taken by various agencies to forestall this global economic disaster on behalf of both producers and consumers.

该研究项目对从克里米亚战争结束到 1941 年 6 月德国入侵苏联期间俄罗斯帝国和苏联的葡萄种植、葡萄酒消费和酒窖技术进行了综合研究。它追寻了一段错综复杂的历史及其当地、区域和全球方面及其后果。20 世纪初，俄罗斯是世界十大葡萄酒生产国之一。同时代的人不仅对克里米亚起泡酒的高品质特别满意，而且对酒体浓郁的甜酒也特别满意。国际专家确信，葡萄文化在19世纪最后几十年已成为俄罗斯的一股力量，俄罗斯人满怀信心地期望将葡萄文化打造成他们的主导产品之一。该项目从国际比较的角度展示了帝国和苏联葡萄酒生产商如何应对毁灭性的生态、经济和政治危机，如害虫和根瘤蚜、第一次世界大战以及酒精饮料禁令、革命、内战和集体化。特定的气候条件是种植葡萄酒的先决条件。葡萄酒产区基本上位于俄罗斯帝国南部边缘，从比萨拉比亚经黑海沿岸包括塔夫里达省和顿河省一直到高加索山脉的山坡。然而，商品酒是通过不同的港口和边境城市进出口的。因此，这些不同的条件不仅产生了不同的跨地区和跨国相互依存关系，而且还产生了对全球的不同想象，以及个人的财产和隶属关系。该项目不仅将葡萄酒视为一种全球流通的知识对象，而且将其视为一种消费品，其具有总体的经济和科学联系、转移以及有时失败的互动。此外，它还将审查俄罗斯帝国和苏联历史上任何故意的区别和分裂方面，这可能导致迄今为止大多数全球历史都广泛忽视了帝国。该项目重点关注三个不同的方面：第一，国际葡萄酒疫病，它对法国、德国和俄罗斯的许多生产商构成生存威胁；第二，通过不同的国家和国际教育机构、公共领域和论坛获取和转让知识的方式；最后，葡萄酒掺假和商标假冒以及各机构为代表生产商和消费者预防这一全球经济灾难而采取的行动。