Kindergarten and health inequalities in childhood

幼儿园和儿童时期的健康不平等

• 批准号: 416092819
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Sven Schneider
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Mannheimer Institut für Public Health, Sozial- und Präventivmedizin
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/416092819?language=en
• 关键词: Kindergarten; health; inequalities; childhood

Preschool age is considered to be a crucial developmental period for socioeconomic inequalities in health. Besides the family as the primary agent of socialisation, kindergartens are the most important agent of socialisation at this stage of life with an attendance rate of more than 93% in Germany. The questions of whether contextual and compositional characteristics of kindergartens are associated with health outcomes, and if so, which ones, have hardly been empirically studied to date. Previous research has focussed mostly on the effect of kindergarten attendance per se or evaluated particular health promotion programmes within specific kindergartens. SP2 aims at closing this research gap.The overall aim of SP2 is to investigate the role of individual determinants as well as compositional and contextual characteristics of kindergartens to explain socioeconomic health inequalities and health in pre-schoolers. Following the conceptual framework of the research unit, SP2 will address the following research questions:1. Do individual determinants contribute to the explanation of health and health inequalities in pre-school children, and which factors at the individual level show the strongest relative contribution for the explanation of health and health inequalities in this age group.2. Which compositional and contextual characteristics of kindergartens are associated with health and health inequalities in preschool children? 3. Is the association between socioeconomic position and health mediated or moderated by compositional and contextual characteristics of the kindergarten context above and beyond individual-level determinants? Based on a scoping review of the most recent evidence, SP2 will use two secondary datasets (the PRe-school Intervention Study PRINS and the German National Educational Panel Study NEPS. Collected in 52 kindergartens, the PRINS dataset includes very detailed (and partly longitudinal) data of n=1,134 children for general health and health behaviour as well as comprehensive contextual and compositional data of the kindergartens. Moreover, PRINS is one of the few datasets worldwide and the only one in Germany that assessed physical activity in pre-schoolers objectively using accelerometry. The NEPS dataset is a nation-wide representative study with multi-cohort sequence design. The relevant cohort comprises 2,949 children from about 250 kindergartens, surveyed in six subsequent annual waves. The comprehensive data include not only health outcomes but also data on kindergarten context and composition. Based on the overarching conceptual model, SP2 will provide new empirical evidence for the association between kindergartens as institutional contexts and individual health outcomes and health inequalities. SP2 will thus close a gap in research on life course influences on health inequalities in very early life at the interface of sociology, epidemiology and public health in Germany.

学龄前阶段被认为是健康方面社会经济不平等的关键发展时期。除了家庭是社会化的主要推动者外，幼儿园是人生这个阶段最重要的社会化推动者，在德国，幼儿园的出勤率超过93%。幼儿园的背景和构成特征是否与健康结果相关，如果是，哪些与健康结果相关，这些问题到目前为止几乎没有实证研究。以前的研究主要集中在幼儿园出勤率本身的影响，或评估特定幼儿园内的特定健康促进计划。SP2旨在缩小这一研究空白。SP2的总体目标是调查个别决定因素的作用以及幼儿园的组成和背景特征，以解释学龄前儿童的社会经济健康不平等和健康。根据研究单位的概念框架，战略计划2将讨论以下研究问题：1.个人决定因素是否有助于解释学龄前儿童的健康和健康不平等，个人层面的哪些因素对解释这一年龄组的健康和健康不平等的相对贡献最大。幼儿园的哪些构成和背景特征与学龄前儿童的健康和健康不平等有关？3.社会经济地位和健康之间的联系是否受到幼儿园背景的构成和背景特征的中介或调节，高于或超过个人水平的决定因素？基于对最新证据的范围审查，SP2将使用两个二级数据集(学前干预研究Prins和德国国家教育小组研究NINS)。在52所幼儿园收集的PRINS数据集包括非常详细的(和部分纵向的)n=1,134名儿童的一般健康和健康行为的数据，以及幼儿园的全面背景和组成数据。此外，Prins是全球为数不多的数据集之一，也是德国唯一使用加速度计客观评估学龄前儿童体力活动的数据集。NEPS数据集是一项全国性的代表性研究，采用多队列序列设计。相关的队列包括来自大约250所幼儿园的2949名儿童，在随后的六次年度调查中进行了调查。综合数据不仅包括健康结果，还包括关于幼儿园背景和组成的数据。在总体概念模型的基础上，SP2将为幼儿园作为机构背景与个人健康结果和健康不平等之间的联系提供新的经验证据。因此，SP2将在德国社会学、流行病学和公共卫生的交界处弥合生命过程对早年健康不平等的影响的研究空白。