The Early Modern City Facing Natural Hazards and Scarce Resources: Braunschweig, Utrecht, Würzburg in the 17th and 18th Centuries

面临自然灾害和稀缺资源的早期现代城市：17 世纪和 18 世纪的布伦瑞克、乌得勒支、维尔茨堡

• 批准号: 417026284
• 负责人: Dr. Ansgar Schanbacher
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Osteuropäische Geschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/417026284?language=en
• 关键词: Early; Modern; City; Facing; Natural

In central Europe the early modern city, which still was shaped by medieval structures, had to face political and economic changes and challenges. The growing number of inhabitants needed food and energy and the city not only had to deal with military conflicts but also with natural hazards such as fire, inundations and storms and their consequences. The project at hand explores these topics, which have not yet been researched comprehensively, with the help of the case studies of Braunschweig, Würzburg and Utrecht between 1650 and 1800.In a holistic view the project analyzes the reactions of city lords, city administrations and ordinary inhabitants to natural hazards and the scarcity of natural resources and links the local level to scientific and scholar discourses of the time. Additionally, the project emphasizes how the way natural resources were managed and natural hazards were dealt with, was connected with the social status of city inhabitants and scientists, their rationality, vulnerability and their range of perception. Explanations for the different views on and handling of scarce resources and natural threats can be found in the geographical situation, in political and economic developments on the regional level, in the different involvement in military conflicts and in differing predominant denominations. At large, the project aims at a novel and comprehensive view on the environmental history of the central European city of the early modern period and integrates and completes previous research on political, economic and social topics in urban history with the basic category of the environment (Siemann/Freytag).

在中欧，早期的现代城市仍然受中世纪建筑的影响，不得不面对政治和经济的变化和挑战。越来越多的居民需要食物和能源，城市不仅要应对军事冲突，还要应对火灾、洪水和风暴等自然灾害及其后果。手头的项目探索了这些尚未全面研究的主题，并借助1650年至1800年间不伦瑞克、维尔茨堡和乌得勒支的案例研究。从整体上看，该项目分析了城市领主、城市管理部门和普通居民对自然灾害和自然资源稀缺的反应，并将地方层面与当时的科学和学者话语联系起来。此外，该项目强调了如何管理自然资源和处理自然灾害的方式，与城市居民和科学家的社会地位、他们的理性、脆弱性和感知范围有关。对稀缺资源和自然威胁的不同看法和处理方式可以在地理情况、区域一级的政治和经济发展、参与军事冲突的不同程度和不同的主要教派中找到解释。总的来说，该项目旨在对近代早期中欧城市的环境史提出一种新颖而全面的观点，并整合和完成了以前关于城市历史中政治、经济和社会主题的研究，其中包括环境的基本范畴（Siemann/Freytag）。