Advanced MUlti-GNSS Array for Monitoring Severe Weather Events (AMUSE)

全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）已经彻底改变了定位、导航和授时，成为我们日常生活的一部分。除此之外，全球导航卫星系统目前已被确立为地球科学的强大和多功能观测工具。在这个意义上的一个关键应用是大气水蒸气监测。准确了解其高度变化的时空分布是精确模拟大气状态的先决条件，并以此为基础进行以强降水和灾害性天气事件为重点的数值天气预报，这是当前气象研究的主要挑战之一。因此，从区域地面网络获得的全球导航卫星系统水汽数据弥补了现有气象观测系统的不足，例如德国目前约有270个气象站。然而，目前提供的数据产品对预报系统的影响仍然有限，因为目前只关注基于gps的数据产品，目前使用的天顶总延迟数据提供的大气信息内容有限，并且数据产品的测量和提供之间的时间延迟目前约为1小时。AMUSE项目将重点关注这些主要限制，并率先开发将克服当前限制的下一代数据产品。在该项目内开发和提供的新数据产品预计将大大改善全球导航卫星系统网络数据对区域预报系统的影响。因此，AMUSE项目将解决的主要创新是：•开发提供多gnss而不仅仅是gps数据，包括导航卫星系统，如GLONASS、伽利略和北斗，将使用的发射卫星从目前的30颗增加到80多颗；•发展提供经过验证的高质量倾斜观测，包括来自各自地面站的沿视距的水汽信息，前提条件是包括地面站周围水平水汽分布的信息；此外，还研究了大气梯度提供的信息的价值；•发展提供实时水蒸气信息，以缩短主要申请人（气象服务）测量和提供基于gnss的气象信息之间的延迟。德国气象局（DWD）将提供独特的“实物”贡献，对新一代GNSS气象数据可以实现的预报改进进行详细调查和量化，以补充TUB和GFZ的项目工作。几个预报实验将重点关注最具挑战性的问题，即恶劣天气事件下的降水预报。

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have revolutionized positioning, navigation, and timing, becoming a common part of our everyday life. Aside from this GNSS currently is currently established as a powerful and versatile observation tool for geosciences. A key application in this sense is atmospheric water vapor monitoring. The precise knowledge of its highly variable spatial and temporal distribution is precondition for precise modeling of the atmospheric state as a base for numerical weather forecasts with focus to the strong precipitation and severe weather events, one of the current key challenges in weather research. GNSS water vapor data, derived from regional ground networks hereby close gaps in the established meteorological observing systems, e.g., at Germany with currently about 270 stations. However, the impact of the currently provided data products to the forecast systems is still limited due to the exclusively focusing to GPS-only based data products, to the limited atmospheric information content, which is provided by the currently used Zenith Total Delay data and to the time delay between measurement and providing of the data products, which is currently about one hour.The AMUSE project will focus these major limitations and pioneer the development of next generation data products, which will overcome the current limitations. The new data products, developed and provided within the project, are expected to significantly improve the impact of the GNSS network data to the regional forecast systems.The main innovations, which will be addressed by the AMUSE project therefore are: • Developments to provide multi-GNSS instead of only-GPS data, including navigation satellite systems, as GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou, increasing the used transmitting satellites from currently 30 to more than 80;• Developments to provide validated high quality slant observations, containing water vapor information along the line-of-sight from the respective ground stations, precondition to include information on the horizontal water vapor distribution around the ground stations; in addition, the value of the information, provided by atmospheric gradients, is investigated;• Developments to provide real-time water vapor information to shorten the delay between measurement and provision of the meteorological GNSS-based information at the main applicants, the meteorological services. The project work at TUB and GFZ will be complemented by a unique “in kind” contribution of the German Weather Service (DWD) to investigate in detail and to quantify the forecast improvement, which can be reached by the new generation GNSS meteorology data. Several forecast experiments will be conducted with focus to the most challenging issue, the precipitation forecast in case of severe weather events.