Advanced MUlti-GNSS Array for Monitoring Severe Weather Events (AMUSE)

全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）已经彻底改变了定位，导航和定时，成为我们日常生活的一部分。除此之外，全球导航卫星系统目前已被确立为地球科学的一个强大而多功能的观测工具。这方面的一个关键应用是大气水蒸气监测。对强降水和灾害性天气的数值预报是当前天气学研究的主要挑战之一，准确了解强降水的时空分布是精确模拟大气状态的前提。从区域地面网络获得的全球导航卫星系统水汽数据由此填补了已建立的气象观测系统的空白，在德国，目前约有270个车站。然而，当前提供的数据产品对预报系统的影响仍然是有限的，这是由于仅专注于基于GPS的数据产品、由当前使用的天顶总延迟数据提供的有限的大气信息内容以及测量和提供数据产品之间的时间延迟，目前大约是一个小时。AMUSE项目将关注这些主要的限制，并开创下一代数据产品的开发，这将克服目前的限制。在该项目范围内开发和提供的新数据产品预计将大大改善全球导航卫星系统网络数据对区域预报系统的影响。 发展提供多重全球导航卫星系统而非仅提供全球定位系统数据，包括导航卫星系统，如格洛纳斯、伽利略和北斗，将使用的发射卫星从目前的30颗增加到80多颗; 提供经过验证的高质量倾斜观测的发展，包含沿各自地面站视线沿着的水汽信息，前提是包括地面站周围水平水汽分布的信息;此外，研究大气梯度提供的信息的价值; 开发提供实时水汽信息的技术，以缩短在主要申请方气象服务部门测量和提供基于全球导航卫星系统的气象信息之间的延迟。在TUB和GFZ的项目工作将得到德国气象局独特的“实物”贡献的补充，以详细调查和量化新一代全球导航卫星系统气象数据所能达到的预报改进。将进行几项预报试验，重点是最具挑战性的问题，即在发生恶劣天气事件时的降水预报。

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have revolutionized positioning, navigation, and timing, becoming a common part of our everyday life. Aside from this GNSS currently is currently established as a powerful and versatile observation tool for geosciences. A key application in this sense is atmospheric water vapor monitoring. The precise knowledge of its highly variable spatial and temporal distribution is precondition for precise modeling of the atmospheric state as a base for numerical weather forecasts with focus to the strong precipitation and severe weather events, one of the current key challenges in weather research. GNSS water vapor data, derived from regional ground networks hereby close gaps in the established meteorological observing systems, e.g., at Germany with currently about 270 stations. However, the impact of the currently provided data products to the forecast systems is still limited due to the exclusively focusing to GPS-only based data products, to the limited atmospheric information content, which is provided by the currently used Zenith Total Delay data and to the time delay between measurement and providing of the data products, which is currently about one hour.The AMUSE project will focus these major limitations and pioneer the development of next generation data products, which will overcome the current limitations. The new data products, developed and provided within the project, are expected to significantly improve the impact of the GNSS network data to the regional forecast systems.The main innovations, which will be addressed by the AMUSE project therefore are: • Developments to provide multi-GNSS instead of only-GPS data, including navigation satellite systems, as GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou, increasing the used transmitting satellites from currently 30 to more than 80;• Developments to provide validated high quality slant observations, containing water vapor information along the line-of-sight from the respective ground stations, precondition to include information on the horizontal water vapor distribution around the ground stations; in addition, the value of the information, provided by atmospheric gradients, is investigated;• Developments to provide real-time water vapor information to shorten the delay between measurement and provision of the meteorological GNSS-based information at the main applicants, the meteorological services. The project work at TUB and GFZ will be complemented by a unique “in kind” contribution of the German Weather Service (DWD) to investigate in detail and to quantify the forecast improvement, which can be reached by the new generation GNSS meteorology data. Several forecast experiments will be conducted with focus to the most challenging issue, the precipitation forecast in case of severe weather events.