Advanced MUlti-GNSS Array for Monitoring Severe Weather Events (AMUSE)

全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)给定位、导航和授时带来了革命性的变化，成为我们日常生活中常见的一部分。除此之外，全球导航卫星系统目前被确立为地球科学的一种强大和多功能的观测工具。在这个意义上的一个关键应用是大气水蒸气监测。对其高度可变的时空分布的精确了解是精确模拟大气状态的前提，作为数值天气预报的基础，重点关注强降水和恶劣天气事件，这是目前天气研究的关键挑战之一。来自区域地面网络的全球导航卫星系统水汽数据特此填补现有气象观测系统的空白，例如德国目前约有270个观测站。然而，目前提供的数据产品对预报系统的影响仍然有限，这是因为只专注于基于GPS的数据产品，由于目前使用的天顶全延迟数据提供的大气信息量有限，以及数据产品的测量和提供之间的时间延迟目前约为一小时。在该项目范围内开发和提供的新数据产品预计将大大改善全球导航卫星系统网络数据对区域预报系统的影响。因此，娱乐项目将涉及的主要创新是：·发展提供多个全球导航卫星系统而不是只提供全球定位系统数据，包括全球导航卫星系统、伽利略和北斗等导航卫星系统，将使用的发射卫星从目前的30颗增加到80多颗；·发展提供经过验证的高质量倾斜观测，其中包含各自地面站视线上的水汽信息，前提是包括关于地面站周围水汽水平分布的信息；此外，还调查了由大气梯度提供的信息的价值；·开发了提供实时水汽信息的方法，以缩短主要申请者--气象局测量和提供基于全球导航卫星系统的气象信息之间的延迟。TUB和GFZ的项目工作将得到德国气象局独特的“实物”贡献的补充，以进行详细调查并量化预报改进情况，新一代全球导航卫星系统气象数据可以实现这一点。几个预报试验将集中在最具挑战性的问题上，即恶劣天气事件下的降水预报。

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have revolutionized positioning, navigation, and timing, becoming a common part of our everyday life. Aside from this GNSS currently is currently established as a powerful and versatile observation tool for geosciences. A key application in this sense is atmospheric water vapor monitoring. The precise knowledge of its highly variable spatial and temporal distribution is precondition for precise modeling of the atmospheric state as a base for numerical weather forecasts with focus to the strong precipitation and severe weather events, one of the current key challenges in weather research. GNSS water vapor data, derived from regional ground networks hereby close gaps in the established meteorological observing systems, e.g., at Germany with currently about 270 stations. However, the impact of the currently provided data products to the forecast systems is still limited due to the exclusively focusing to GPS-only based data products, to the limited atmospheric information content, which is provided by the currently used Zenith Total Delay data and to the time delay between measurement and providing of the data products, which is currently about one hour.The AMUSE project will focus these major limitations and pioneer the development of next generation data products, which will overcome the current limitations. The new data products, developed and provided within the project, are expected to significantly improve the impact of the GNSS network data to the regional forecast systems.The main innovations, which will be addressed by the AMUSE project therefore are: • Developments to provide multi-GNSS instead of only-GPS data, including navigation satellite systems, as GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou, increasing the used transmitting satellites from currently 30 to more than 80;• Developments to provide validated high quality slant observations, containing water vapor information along the line-of-sight from the respective ground stations, precondition to include information on the horizontal water vapor distribution around the ground stations; in addition, the value of the information, provided by atmospheric gradients, is investigated;• Developments to provide real-time water vapor information to shorten the delay between measurement and provision of the meteorological GNSS-based information at the main applicants, the meteorological services. The project work at TUB and GFZ will be complemented by a unique “in kind” contribution of the German Weather Service (DWD) to investigate in detail and to quantify the forecast improvement, which can be reached by the new generation GNSS meteorology data. Several forecast experiments will be conducted with focus to the most challenging issue, the precipitation forecast in case of severe weather events.