“Heaven as Temple”: Astronomical-Cosmological Motifs in the Songs of Sabbath Sacrifice

《安息日献祭的十三首歌》出自昆兰，写于希腊化时期，保存得不完整，它讲述的是天上世界对天使的崇拜--无论是天使被召唤来赞美上帝，还是《歌》描述的是天上的赞美。自1960年首次出版以来，研究一直试图找到对这一传统的有意义的解释。这主要是一个“礼仪共融与天使”的想法-不同的重点-成为决定性的解释。背诵这些文本是为了取代失踪的邪教在圣殿耶路撒冷通过想象的参与的人在祈祷在天上的服务。由于这种研究方法的重要性，其他想法--特别是试图将歌曲与宇宙学概念联合收割机结合起来--迄今为止或大部分仍然处于兴趣的边缘。然而，与天使为这些歌曲礼仪共融的主题必须受到质疑，因为这个想法是不是在文本本身证明，而是，他们强调在祈祷和天上的崇拜者之间的人的区别。因此，一个合理的解释的歌曲仍然是一个迫切需要的研究。因此，本研究的目的是对安息日献祭之歌进行新的诠释。一种新方法的出发点是安息日献祭之歌包含天文宇宙学主题的论点。在这种情况下，在这些文本中提到的寺庙被解释为天堂和星星的光现象。鉴于诗篇19篇或诗篇148篇联合收割机将对上帝的赞美与占星宇宙学的思想结合起来，这样的解释被赋予了一个似是而非的框架。为了使这种方法具体化，天文学-宇宙学的主题不能被孤立地看待--就像迄今为止的研究那样--而应该在它们的“解释性话语”和作品的直接话语中被语境化。因此，在第一步中，文本的天文宇宙学主题将被收集并置于圣经和早期犹太圣经外文学及其参考文本的更广泛背景中。项目的第二部分将集中于在安息日献祭之歌的整体背景下定位这些主题，并与其他中心主题，如“寺庙崇拜和牺牲”，“天使学”以及“礼仪和赞美诗”。在这样的背景下，诗歌的“世界观”及其在《旧约》文学和《圣经》以外的早期犹太传统的框架内的身份话语将被重新讨论和确定。这项研究的结果将在粗略的评论的形式，以及在一个广泛的介绍章节的歌曲。计划用英文出版最重要的研究成果。

The 13 Songs of Sabbath Sacrifice from Qumran, written in the Hellenistic period and fragmentarily preserved, deal with the worship of angels in the heavenly world – be it that the angelic beings are summoned to praise God or that the Songs describe the heavenly praise. Since the texts were first published in 1960, research has been trying to find a meaningful interpretation of this tradition. It was primarily the idea of a “liturgical communion with angels” that – with different emphasis – became decisive for their interpretation. The reciting of these texts was to replace the missing cult in the Temple in Jerusalem by means of the imaginary participation of the persons at prayer in a heavenly service. Because of the importance of this research approach, other ideas – in particular the attempt to combine the songs with cosmological conceptions – have or the most part remained on the margins of interest to date. However, the motif of a liturgical communion with angels for these songs has to be questioned, since this idea is not attested in the texts itself; rather, they emphasize the difference between the persons at prayer and the heavenly worshippers. Thus, a plausible interpretation of the songs is still a desideratum of research. Accordingly, this project aims at working out a new interpretation of the Songs of Sabbath sacrifice. The starting point for a new approach is the thesis that the Songs of Sabbath sacrifice contain astronomical-cosmological motifs. In this context, the temple mentioned in these texts is to be interpreted as heaven and the light phenomena as stars. In view of the fact that psalms such as Ps 19 or Ps 148 combine the praise of God with astrological-cosmological ideas, such an interpretation is given a plausible framework. In order to concretize such an approach, the astronomical-cosmological motifs must not be viewed in isolation - as has been the case in research to date – but should be contextualized in their “Traditionsgeschichte” as well as in the work’s immanent discourse. Therefore, in a first step, the astronomical-cosmological motifs of the texts will be collected and placed in the broader context of biblical and early Jewish extra-biblical literature and its reference texts. The second part of the project will then focus on positioning the motifs in the overall context of the Songs of Sabbath sacrifice and in relation to other central motifs such as “temple worship and sacrifice”, “angelology” as well as “liturgy and hymn”. Against this background, the "world view" of the songs and their identity discourse within the framework of the literature of the Old Testament and the extra-biblical early Jewish traditions are to be discussed and determined anew. The results of this research will be presented in the form of a cursory commentary on the Songs as well as in an extensive introductory chapter. An English-language publication of the most important research results is planned.