Negotiating Resettlement. Negotiations, processes and long-term development of violence-induced migration after World War II.

协商安置。

• 批准号: 428259414
• 负责人: Dr. Sebastian Huhn
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Neueste Geschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/428259414?language=en
• 关键词: Negotiating; Resettlement.; Negotiations; processes; long

In 2018, more people than ever before were refugees. Relocation and resettlement programs aim to provide many of them with a chance to begin a new life, but programs – such as the EU’s relocation effort – often seem to fail. Why? Understanding the history of forced migration, displacement and ways, solutions were negotiated between refugees or displaced persons (DPs), international organizations and societies in the aftermath of violence-induced mobility provides a most relevant contribution to the understanding of the present situation. After the end of the Second World War, millions of people – survivors of the Shoah and Nazi rule and violence – were displaced all over Europe and had to work out how and where to continue their lives. During the first post-war years, most of those refugees and DPs returned to their former places of living either on their own or with help of the UNRRA. Many of them, however, could not be repatriated or they had good reasons to refuse that option. Against the USSR’s request, the Western Allies founded the International Refugee Organization (IRO) in 1947, to organize the resettlement of the non-repatriated DPs. In addition to resettlement within Europe, the IRO also organized the resettlement of round about 700.000 people in the Americas, in Australia, in member states of the British Commonwealth, in Northern Africa, Asia or Israel. About 100.000 of those DPs were resettled in Latin America.The IRO’s resettlement program has mostly been studied as the history of an international organization and international diplomacy in the context of post-war Europe and the beginning “Cold War”, with a focus on certain ethnic or religious groups, and with emphasis on the hot spots of the resettlement, namely the United States, Canada, Australia, and Israel, that is to say initially Palestine.The project aims to investigate this most extensive historical case of internationally organized resettlement of DPs from the perspective of Historical Migration Research and as a model of dealing with consequences of violence-induced migration. Venezuela as destination of the resettlement will be the case to study.We focus on four cohesive key aspects of negotiation and migration: 1) the political negotiation of the resettlement between the IRO and Venezuela and the spatial and chronological development of the resettlement, 2) the individual negotiation of the emigration between the DPs and the IRO field officers and the DPs’ social profiles, 3) the DPs life courses before and after the resettlement, and 4) the social negotiation about participation and recognition of the DPs in Venezuela and the corresponding discourses about immigration.

2018年，难民人数比以往任何时候都多。搬迁和重新安置计划旨在为其中许多人提供开始新生活的机会，但欧盟的搬迁努力等计划似乎经常失败。为什么？了解强迫移徙、流离失所的历史以及难民或流离失所者、国际组织和社会之间在暴力导致的流动之后谈判解决办法的方式，有助于了解目前的情况。第二次世界大战结束后，数以百万计的人--浩劫、纳粹统治和暴力的幸存者--在欧洲各地流离失所，他们不得不找出如何以及在哪里继续生活。在战后的头几年里，这些难民和方案中的大多数人要么自己返回原来的居住地，要么在联合国难民事务高级专员办事处的帮助下返回家园。然而，他们中的许多人不能被遣返，或者他们有充分的理由拒绝这一选择。在苏联的要求下，西方盟国于1947年成立了国际难民组织(IRO)，以组织重新安置未遣返的DPS。除了在欧洲境内重新安置外，税务办公室还在美洲、澳大利亚、英联邦成员国、北非、亚洲或以色列安排了约700.000人的重新安置。国际移民组织的安置计划大多是在战后欧洲和冷战开始的背景下作为国际组织和国际外交史进行研究的，重点是某些种族或宗教群体，重点是重新安置的热点，即美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和以色列，也就是最初的巴勒斯坦。该项目旨在从历史移民研究的角度来调查这一最广泛的国际组织重新安置DPS的历史案例，并将其作为处理暴力移民后果的典范。本文以委内瑞拉作为移民目的地为研究对象，重点探讨了移民谈判与移民的四个重要方面：1)委内瑞拉与委内瑞拉移民问题的政治谈判及移民的时间和空间发展；2)移民与移民问题的个别谈判；3)移民前后的移民生活历程；4)委内瑞拉移民参与与认可的社会谈判及移民话语。