Studies on sexuality and its regulation in Japanese persimmon.

我们试图阐明雌雄同株型柿的性别表达模式及其调控，得到了以下结果。雌花和雄花原基在6月上旬开始分化，一直持续到8月，此时雌花的花瓣原基和雄花的花瓣原基已经明显。然后，花蕾进入静止的越冬状态。因此，雌雄同株型柿的花性是在花发育的相对早期阶段决定的。当前枝条上的花朵类型与花朵类型的确定有某种强烈的联系，在同一枝条上的花蕾内启动。也就是说，开雌花的枝条分化雌芽的比率非常高，而开雄花的枝条产生的雄芽更多。枝条上的花蕾位置也与性别表达相对应，即从远端的混合花蕾…上长出雌花S较多，而雄花主要发生在基生节上。萌芽后立即喷施细胞分裂素，可成功地将雄花转化为两性花。此外，细胞分裂素在花分化阶段也能有效地转换性表达。在本试验中，以1000ppm的浓度在6月份喷施BA，并在同年发生二次芽时产生两性花，比较对照一年生枝在二次芽中只产生雄性花朵的情况。在花芽分化期测定了雄株和雌株的内源细胞分裂素及其抑制物的活性。甲醇提取物经有机溶剂分离纯化后，进样到高效液相色谱中。用细胞分裂素法和水稻秧苗法分别对高效液相色谱组分进行了细胞分裂素和抑制物的生物活性测定。获得了几个细胞分裂素和抑制物的活性部位，但它们在雄性或雌性结果枝之间没有区别。较少

We tried to clarify the patterns of sex expression and their regulation in monoecious-type persimmons, and the following results were obtained.1. The pistillate and staminate floral primordium differentiated in early June and progressed until August when the sepal primordial in pistillate flowers and petal primordial of staminate flowers had become evident. The buds then entered the quiescent, overwintering state. Thus, flower sex of monoecious-type persimmons is determined at a relatively early stage of floral development.2. The flower type on the current shoots is somehow strongly related to the determination of the flower type, being initiated within the buds on the same shoot. That is, shoots that bore pistillate flowers were differentiating pistillate buds at significantly high rates, while shoots that bore staminate flowers were producing more staminate buds. The bud position on the shoot also corresponded with sex expression, i. e. pistillate flowers emerge from distal mixed bud … More s, whereas staminate flowers arise predominantly from basal nodes.3. Cytokinin spray to flower buds immediately after budbreak was successful in converting male flowers, into hermaphroditic ones. Moreover, cytokinin was also effective at flower differentiating stages to convert sex expression. In this chse, shoots of 'Taiwan- syoshi' were sprayed with BA at 1000 ppm in June, and they produced shoots bearing hermaphroditic flowers when they had second sprouts in the same year, being compared that control 1-year shoots produced only male-bearing shoots in second sprouts.4. Endogenous cytokinin and inhibitor activity of male- and female-bearing shoots was examined at flower differentiation time. Methanolic extracts were purified with partitions to organic solvents, and injected into HPLC. The fractions from HPLC were bioassayed with Amaranthus test for cytokinins and rice seedling test for inhibitors, respectively. Several active fractions were obtained for both cytokinins and inhibitors, but they had no differences between male- or female-bearing shoots. Less