Studies on sexuality and its regulation in Japanese persimmon.

我们试图阐明单株柿的性别表达模式及其调控，得到了以下结果：雌蕊花和雄蕊花原基在6月上旬分化，一直持续到8月，雌蕊花的萼片原基和雄蕊花的花瓣原基分化明显。然后芽进入静止的越冬状态。因此，单株型柿子的花性是在花发育的较早阶段确定的。当前芽上的花型在某种程度上与花型的决定密切相关，在同一芽上的芽内开始。也就是说，雌蕊花的芽分化雌蕊芽的速率显著高于雄蕊花的芽，而雄蕊花的芽分化雌蕊芽的速率显著高于雄蕊花。芽在茎上的位置也与性别表达相对应，即雌蕊花从远端混合芽中产生，而雄蕊花主要从基部节中产生。在花蕾形成后立即向花蕾喷洒细胞分裂素，成功地将雄花转化为雌雄同体花。此外，细胞分裂素在花分化阶段也能有效地转化性表达。在本试验中，在6月份用浓度为1000ppm的BA对“台湾同花子”幼芽进行喷施，在同一年二次发芽时产生了雌雄同体花的幼芽，而对照1年幼芽在二次发芽时只产生了雄性幼芽。在花分化时期，测定了雄芽和雌芽内源细胞分裂素和抑制因子的活性。甲醇提取液经有机溶剂分离纯化，进样于高效液相色谱法。用高效液相色谱法分别测定紫红花细胞分裂素和水稻幼苗抑制剂含量。细胞分裂素和细胞分裂素抑制剂均有活性组分，但在雌、雄芽间无差异。少

We tried to clarify the patterns of sex expression and their regulation in monoecious-type persimmons, and the following results were obtained.1. The pistillate and staminate floral primordium differentiated in early June and progressed until August when the sepal primordial in pistillate flowers and petal primordial of staminate flowers had become evident. The buds then entered the quiescent, overwintering state. Thus, flower sex of monoecious-type persimmons is determined at a relatively early stage of floral development.2. The flower type on the current shoots is somehow strongly related to the determination of the flower type, being initiated within the buds on the same shoot. That is, shoots that bore pistillate flowers were differentiating pistillate buds at significantly high rates, while shoots that bore staminate flowers were producing more staminate buds. The bud position on the shoot also corresponded with sex expression, i. e. pistillate flowers emerge from distal mixed bud … More s, whereas staminate flowers arise predominantly from basal nodes.3. Cytokinin spray to flower buds immediately after budbreak was successful in converting male flowers, into hermaphroditic ones. Moreover, cytokinin was also effective at flower differentiating stages to convert sex expression. In this chse, shoots of 'Taiwan- syoshi' were sprayed with BA at 1000 ppm in June, and they produced shoots bearing hermaphroditic flowers when they had second sprouts in the same year, being compared that control 1-year shoots produced only male-bearing shoots in second sprouts.4. Endogenous cytokinin and inhibitor activity of male- and female-bearing shoots was examined at flower differentiation time. Methanolic extracts were purified with partitions to organic solvents, and injected into HPLC. The fractions from HPLC were bioassayed with Amaranthus test for cytokinins and rice seedling test for inhibitors, respectively. Several active fractions were obtained for both cytokinins and inhibitors, but they had no differences between male- or female-bearing shoots. Less