Tannin and its physiological roles in Diospyros species.

日本柿是柿属的一种，分布于热带和亚热带地区，温带地区分布的种类较少。为了从单宁结构和cpDNA两个方面对柿果的起源进行研究，为柿果的起源提供线索。我们在泰国采集了22种柿属植物，并鉴定了19种。这些种是腺叶石斛、马拉巴石斛、茎花石斛、十蕊石斛、瓦氏石斛、软毛石斛、红萼石斛、细叶石斛、方叶石斛、托皮石斛、波纹石斛、苏门答腊石斛、密花石斛、杂色石斛、栗石斛、山石斛、纤细石斛、丹果石斛和黄杨叶石斛。研究了11种产于泰国和5种原产于温带地区的植物果实的单宁结构。结果表明，在刺叶石斛、毛果石斛、瓦氏石斛和山石斛中均未发现单宁类物质，对含单宁的种类，测定了单宁结构B环上邻苯二酚与邻苯三酚的比值。来自D.decandra、D.rhodocalyx和D.ehretioides的单宁具有高比率的连苯三酚，而来自D.gracilis、D.lotus、D.oleifera、D.virginiana、D.malabarica var.siamensis、D.areolata和D.glandulosa的单宁具有高比率的邻苯二酚。对于柿果而言，收敛型柿果中的邻苯三酚含量较高，而常授粉型和非收敛型柿果中的邻苯三酚含量较低.从5种温带植物等24种植物的成熟叶片中提取总DNA，利用PCR技术扩增出一个特异的cpDNA片段，用10种限制性内切酶对扩增片段进行限制性内切酶分析。在这些分析中，柿、莲、弗吉尼亚和类叶薯蓣表现出相同的DNA片段模式，表明它们之间的关系非常密切。油茶和腺杜松与柿杜松的亲缘关系也较近。

Japanese persimmon is a member of genus Diospyros that distributes in tropical and subtropical regions, and only a few species spread in temperate regions. In order to get a clue for the origin of D.kaki, we studied phylogeny due to tannin structure and cpDNA.1. We collected 22 Diospyros species in Thailand and identified 19 species. These species are D.glandulosa, D.malabarica var.siamensis, D.cauliflora, D.decandra, D.wallichii, D.mollis, D.rhodocalyx, D.ehretioides, D.areolata, D.toposia, D.undulata var.crateri, D.sumatrana, D.confertiflora, D.variegata, D.castanea, D.montana, D.gracilis, D.pyrrhocarpa, and D.buxifolia.2. Eleven species whose fruits collected in Thailand and 5 species native to temperate regions were investigated on their tannin structure. No tannin substances were found in the fruit with D.rombifolia, D.mollis, D.wallichii, and D.montana.As for species which contain tannins, we determined the ratio of catechol to pyrogallol on B-ring of tannin structure. Tannins from D.decandra, D.rhodocalyx, and D.ehretioides had high rates of pyrogallol, while tannins from D.gracilis, D.lotus, D.oleifera, D.virginiana, D.malabarica var.siamensis, D.areolata, and D.glandulosa had high rates of catechol. As for D.kaki, astringent-types had high rates of pyrogallol in contrast with low rates of it in pollination-constant and non-astringent types.3. Total DNA was extracted from mature leaves of 24 species including 5 temperate species, and amplified a special region of cpDNA by PCR.RFLPs were investigated on amplified DNA using 10 restriction enzymes. In these analyzes, D.kaki, D.lotus, D.virginiana, and D.ehretioides showed the same fragmental DNA pattern, indicating a very close relationship among those. D.oleifera and D.glandulosa also had a relatively close relationship to D.kaki.