Adaptive strategies of reproduction in tropical fruit trees

热带果树繁殖的适应性策略

• 批准号: 11694202
• 负责人: SUGIURA Akira
• 金额: $ 14.16万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11694202/
• 关键词: seasonality of flowering; tropical fruit species; off-season fruit production; floral structure; apomixis; growth regulators; photosynthesis; chlorates; 自家不和合性; 同化産物の分配; 結実機能; 花成誘導; 不和合性; 自家受粉; 他家受粉; オフシーズン果実生産; 雌雄異株性; アグロフォレストリ; 光合成

To clarify the adaptative strategies of reproduction system in tropical fruits, the following four items were investigated ; (1) seasonality of flowering, (2) floral structure in relation to pollination and fertilization, (3) self-incompatibility and apomixis, and (4) fruit setting potential1. Climatic condition, especially rainfall in Thailand was closely related to growth cycle in seasonal fruiting species but no clear relationship between them was found in Indonesia Artificial regulation of flower induction for off-season fruit production was demonstrated in commercial orchard by application of growth-regulators under adequate soil moisture control. Chlorates application specifically induced flowering of longan fruits in Thailand, which is now commercially used for off-season fruit production.2. Developmental processes and unique features of floral structure in main tropical fruit species of Southeast Asia origin were investigated in detail. The system of pollination and fertilization and the role of vector insects were also described. It revealed that there seem to exist many fruit species whose floral structure and mode of flowering fit to form seeds by cross pollination.3. No clear self-incompatibility was found in two Durian cultivars in terms of pollen tube behavior in the styles after self- or cross pollination, but more cultivars should be tested to generalize. Apomictic seed formation and fruit development were surveyed with mangosteen and Lanceum(langsat and duke) and an elaborate morphological observation revealed the unique feature of apomixis in mangosteen.4. As alteration of dry and rain seasons influenced development of topical fruit through soil moisture and light condition, a comparative study of photosynthetic rate and assimilate assignment to fruiting position was conducted using several tropical fruit species. Photosynthetic rate varied with species and the slow development of mangosteen was specifically related to low photosynthesis.

为了阐明热带水果生殖系统的适应策略，对以下四个方面进行了研究：(1)开花的季节性；(2)花的结构与授粉和受精的关系；(3)自交不亲和和无融合生殖；(4)座果潜力。泰国的气候条件，特别是降雨量与季节性果树的生长周期密切相关，而印度尼西亚的气候条件与季节果树的生长周期关系不明显。在适当的土壤水分控制下，商业果园应用生长调节剂人工调控反季节果树的开花。氯酸盐的应用特别诱导了泰国龙眼果实的开花，现在龙眼果实被用于商业上的反季节水果生产。详细研究了东南亚主要热带果树品种的发育过程和花结构的独特性。文中还介绍了传粉受精系统和媒介昆虫的作用。结果表明，该地区果树种类较多，其花器结构和开花方式均适合异花授粉结实。两个榴莲品种在自花授粉和异花授粉后的花柱花粉管行为上没有明显的自交不亲和性，但需要更多的品种来推广。对山竹和Lanceum(Langsat和Duke)的无融合生殖种子形成和果实发育进行了观察，详细的形态观察揭示了山竹无融合生殖的独特特征。由于旱季和雨季的变化通过土壤水分和光照条件影响局部果实的发育，因此对几种热带果树的光合作用速率和同化物分配到坐果位进行了比较研究。不同树种的光合作用速率不同，山竹发育缓慢与低光合作用有关。