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Studies on Removability of Astringency and Gultivar Differentiation in Japanese Persimmon.

日本柿涩味去除及品种分化的研究。

基本信息

批准号：
59480035
负责人：
SUGIURA Akira
金额：
$ 3.78万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1984
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1984 至 1986
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-59480035/
关键词：
Japanese persimmon removability of astringency seed ethanol,cultivar differentiation アイソザイム

项目摘要

Japanese persimmon cultivars are classified into 4 different types depending on the ways or degrees their fruits lose astringency on the tree. This study was undertaken to search for the relationships between removability of astringency and cultivar differentiation in terms of ethanol production by seeds and isozyme patterns of pollen and mature leaves.1). Ethanol production by seeds generally showed 2 peaked curves and the first peak coincided with the rapid growth of embryos. But no difference in ethanol production was observed between seed parts. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in the seed also increased toward the onset of ethanol production. Stratified seeds of pollination constant types tended to show higher ADH activity than pollination-variant ones.2). Ehanol production was determined with fruits of F_<12> progenies obtained from crosses between pollination-constant and nonastringent (PCNA) types. Progenies having cv. Fuyu as a parent showed wide variation in ethanol production while those otherwise constantly produced low ethanol, suggesting the existence of gene(s) governing ethanol production in the seed.3). Similarity indices were calculated using 68 bands obtained from 9 pollen isozymes of 19 cultivars. Higher similarities were found among PCNA cultivars. 18 out of 163 cultivars were identified by combining 2 isozyme systems, glucosephosphate isomerase and malate dehydrogenase, of mature leaves. No relationship, however, was dound among the 4 fruit types.

根据果实在树上失去涩味的方式或程度，日本柿子品种被分为4种不同的类型。本研究旨在从种子产乙醇、花粉和成熟叶片同工酶模式等方面探讨涩味去除性与品种分化之间的关系。种子生产乙醇总体呈双峰曲线，第一个峰与胚的快速生长相吻合。但不同种子部位的乙醇产量没有差异。乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）活性也随着乙醇生产的开始而增加。授粉恒定型的分层种子ADH活性高于授粉变异型种子2)。用授粉恒定型和非收敛型（PCNA）杂交获得的F_<12>个后代的果实测定了乙醇产量。后代有cv。作为亲本的扶玉在乙醇产量方面表现出很大的差异，而其他亲本的乙醇产量则一直很低，这表明在种子中存在控制乙醇产量的基因。利用19个品种9个花粉同工酶的68条谱带计算相似性指数。PCNA品种间存在较高的相似性。163个品种中有18个品种采用成熟叶片葡萄糖磷酸酯异构体酶和苹果酸脱氢酶2个同工酶系统组合鉴定。然而，4种水果类型之间没有发现相关关系。