Demonstration and induction of apomixis in the genus Diospyros and its utilization for polyploidy breeding

柿属无融合生殖的示范诱导及其在多倍体育种中的应用

• 批准号: 11460011
• 负责人: SUGIURA Akira
• 金额: $ 3.26万
• 依托单位: KYOTO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11460011/
• 关键词: apomixis; Diospyros lotus; D. kaki; D. virginiana; embryogenesis; diplospory; polyploid variation; ploidy analyzer; 胚のう形成; 非還元卵; 倍数性; 6倍体; 9倍体; 条件的アポミクシス; AFLP; 救助培養; SSR-プライマー; アポクミト; フローサイトメータ

1. To demonstrate the occurrence of apomixis, intra- and interspecific (D.kaki) pollinations were conducted using Diospyros lotus and D. virginiana as seed parents. One strain of D. lotus showed fruit setting and seed formation by not only intra- but interspecific pollination. In the banding pattern of DNA anlyses (RAPD and AFLP) of the seedlings derived from these seeds, those derived from interspesific pollination showed the same banding pattern as seed parent, but did not show that as pollen parent, suggesting apomictic seed formation. On the other hand, the seedlings from inraspecific pollination mostly showed the same banding pattern as that specific to pollen parent but some showed apomictic seed formation. D. virginiana did not manifest apomixis.2. Morphological observation of D. lotus showed that most embryogensis normally proceeded but in some cases meiosis failed at a dyad stage, one of the resultant dyads degenerated while the other proceeded normal embryogenesis. This suggests that the apomixis in this species is diplospory type as seen in Compositae family.3. Pollination with γ-ray irradiated pollen of D. kaki did not induce apomictic seed formation in this species. To search for the possibility of natural occurrence of apomixis in D. kaki, ploidy determination of many seedlings derived from 10 cultivars was conducted by using a ploidy analyzer. High frequency of polyploid variation, such as nonaploid, dodecaploid and their aneuploids as well as hexaploid, was specifically found in cv. Fujiwaragosho. It was needed to reveal whether or not they derived from apomixis. However, such polyploids could be used as novel germplasms for breeding of D. kaki in the future.

1.为了证明无融合生殖的发生，在种内和种间（柿）进行授粉使用柿和柿。弗吉尼亚作为种子父母。一株D.莲的坐果和种子形成不仅通过种内授粉，而且通过种间授粉。从种子的DNA分析（RAPD和AFLP）中，种间授粉的种子表现出与种子亲本相同的带型，而不表现出与花粉亲本相同的带型，表明种子的形成是无融合生殖的。另一方面，种内授粉的幼苗大多表现出与花粉亲本相同的带型，但也有部分表现为无融合生殖种子形成。D. virginiana没有表现出无融合生殖.形态学观察D.莲的结果表明，大多数胚胎发生正常进行，但在某些情况下，减数分裂在二分体阶段失败，所产生的二分体之一退化，而另一个进行正常的胚胎发生。这表明该种的无融合生殖属于菊科的倍数孢子体生殖类型.用γ-射线辐照的D.在这一物种中，柿树不诱导无融合生殖种子形成。为探讨无融合生殖在D.用倍性分析仪对10个品种的柿苗进行了倍性测定。尤其是在cv中发现了高频率的多倍体变异，如九倍体、十二倍体和它们的非整倍体以及六倍体。藤原正需要揭示它们是否来源于无融合生殖。这些多倍体可作为新的种质资源用于D. Kaki在未来