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Basic and Applicable Studies on Ploidy Genetics in Aquaculture

水产养殖倍性遗传学的基础与应用研究

基本信息

批准号：
01480079
负责人：
TAKASHIMA Fumio
金额：
$ 2.82万
依托单位：
Tokyo University of Fisheries,
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1990
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01480079/
关键词：
Ploidy Diploid Triploid Salmonid NijiーBura YamaーBura Strain Heterosis ヤマメ

项目摘要

Experiments on chromosome manipulation have been tried in various fields of biotechnology. As far as fisheries, there were many trials to manipulate the genoms by means of artificial methods. In this study, we attempted to new strain that contained a genoms and useful characteristics in aquaculture.First of all, we tried to decide the best condition that were able to evoke gene alternation in fertilized salmonid eggs. We concluded after the examinations that the best way to change the gene combination is heat shock. Rapid immersion into warm water at 28C for 15 min after 15 min of water activation was highly effective in salmonid species.To recognize the ploidy changes under chromosome levels, the number of the nucleoli in each nucleus was counted under the light microscope after staining by silver nitrite. Cyteーflow metric method that was available to detect the DNA density in the nucleus was also useful.After methodological confirmation, we compared the characteristics in various salmonid hybrids of diploids and triploids including not only the allotypes but also heterotypes. We made many hybrids among the rainbow trout, brout, yamame (Oncorhynchus masou), brook trout, Japanese char etc. Rate of egg developments, percent hatch, early mortality and growth rate were compared among the hybrids. There were no significant differences in the rate of egg development and the growth. However, survival rates of the hybrids between rainbow trout (female) and brown trout (male) as well as between yamame and brown trout were mote higher in the triploids than the diploids. Their shape were more fat than the parents and seemed to be a preferable from the commercial point of view.Following the results obtained in this study, it may be concluded that ploidy manipulation is a effective tool for the breeding of commercially important fish species.

染色体操作的实验已经在生物技术的各个领域进行了尝试。就渔业而言，有许多通过人工方法操纵基因组的试验。在本研究中，我们尝试新的菌株，含有一个基因组和有用的特性，在水产养殖中。首先，我们试图确定最佳的条件，能够诱发受精卵的基因改变。我们在检查后得出结论，改变基因组合的最佳方法是热休克。在28 ℃温水中快速浸泡15 min后，用亚硝酸银染色，在光学显微镜下计数每个细胞核中的核仁数，以在染色体水平上识别倍性变化。在方法学验证的基础上，我们比较了不同类型的鲑科鱼类二倍体和三倍体杂交种的特征，包括异源型和异型型。我们在虹鳟、布劳特、山豆、溪鳟、日本红点鲑等之间进行了许多杂交，比较了杂交后代的卵发育率、孵化率、早期死亡率和生长率。卵的发育率和生长量差异不显著。然而，虹鳟鱼（雌性）与褐鳟鱼（雄性）以及Yamame与褐鳟鱼杂交的存活率在三倍体中略高于二倍体。它们的形状比亲本更胖，从商业角度来看似乎是更好的。根据本研究中获得的结果，可以得出结论，倍性操作是一种有效的工具，用于育种的商业重要的鱼类物种。