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BASIC STUDIES FOR TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS ON SEED PRODUCTION IN AQUACULTURE

水产养殖苗种生产技术开发基础研究

基本信息

批准号：
03304020
负责人：
TAKASHIMA Fumio
金额：
$ 10.75万
依托单位：
TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF FISHERIES
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1991
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1991 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The main purposes of this study are to obtain basic informations about the causes and mechanism of early death during larval and young fish used aquaculture as the seed for aquaculture. We have investigated from pathogenic, diagnostic,immunological, physiological, nutritional and environmental points of view and obtained the following results.1). There are mass mortalities during seed production due to infectious diseases. Among these problems, the viral diseases such as SJNNV in the striped jack and YAV in the yellowtail are serious problem at present. It has become clear that possible courses of the sJnnv( viral nervous necrosis in larval striped jack) are their parental spawners.2). fish larvae encountering food particles some time after or during the period of yolk absorption grow normally. If suitable food is not available for longer periods, the larvae may attained state of irreversible inanition, at the end of which mortality occurs. Larvae entering this terminal phase are said … More to have reached the PNR( point-of-no-return). For practical purposes, PNR may be defined as the maximum delay in first feeding that still enables 50 % of the larvae to survive. Some examples of starvation-induced mortality and PNR in various fish species are presented.3). Successful use of ozone as a disinfectant for aquaculture system was developed. Bacterial counts of all fish pathogens decreased at more than 0.04-0.06 mg of total residual oxidans(TRO) per liter. This result indicates that ozone treatment at more than 1.0 mg of TRO/1 for several minutes is able to disinfect seawater for mariculture efficiently.4).In order to augment the genetic properties of the seed, transgenenic method has been tried on trout eggs and confirmed that foreign genes introduced during egg stage become active in the offsprings. At the same time,ploidy manipulations have been done and got the following results; the variation in the maximum number of nucleoli per cell is related to their age. Diploid and triploid hybrids with 12 combinations have been produced by the crosses between female rainbow trout and another salmonids fishes. In addition, hybrids females among 3 species of medaka have been produced( trigenomic allotriploids). Less

本研究的主要目的是获得水产养殖用仔稚鱼早期死亡原因和机制的基本信息。我们从病原学、诊断学、免疫学、生理学、营养学和环境学的角度进行了研究，并获得了以下结果。在种子生产过程中，由于传染病，有大量死亡。在这些问题中，病毒性疾病如条纹鱼的SJNNV和黄尾鱼的YAV是目前严重的问题。已经清楚的是，sJnesthesia（病毒性神经坏死的幼虫条纹杰克）的可能课程是他们的父母产卵。在卵黄吸收后一段时间或期间遇到食物颗粒的仔鱼正常生长。如果长时间得不到合适的食物，幼虫可能会达到不可逆转的饥饿状态，最后死亡。据说，进入这一终端阶段的大部分人 ...更多信息到达PNR（Point of No-Return）。出于实际目的，PNR可以被定义为第一次进食的最大延迟，其仍然使得50%的幼虫存活。文中还列举了几种鱼类饥饿致死率和PNR的实例。臭氧作为水产养殖系统的消毒剂的成功应用。所有鱼类病原体的细菌计数下降超过0.04-0.06毫克的总残留氧化剂（TRO）每升。这一结果表明，臭氧处理超过1.0毫克TRO/升几分钟，可以有效地消毒海水养殖。4）为了增加种子的遗传特性，转基因方法已经在鳟鱼卵上进行了尝试，并证实了在卵期引入的外源基因在后代中变得活跃。同时，还进行了倍性操作，结果表明：每个细胞最大核仁数的变化与其年龄有关。用虹鳟雌鱼与其它鲑科鱼类杂交，获得了12个二倍体和三倍体杂交组合。此外，还产生了3种青鳉的雌性杂种（三基因组异源三倍体）。少