Analysis of Anisotropic Periodicity on Cell Arrangement and Microfibrillar Orientation by Several Diffraction Methods

利用X射线衍射、电子衍射和激光衍射，从傅里叶变换的角度分析了木材的各向异性形态。木材形态分为细胞壁水平、细胞水平和组织水平三个层次。用X射线衍射法和电子衍射法测定了木材细胞壁水平结构间的微纤丝角。在前一种情况下，可以在用新技术操作的压制木材试样上测量许多细胞壁上的角度的平均值。在后一种情况下，测量小区域上的角度。两种方法均能估计微纤维的各向异性分布，OFT和FFT分析了细胞和组织水平上的各向异性。在软木横切面上，可以定量地评价细胞壁厚度、细胞形状、细胞排列，甚至可以追踪这些形态要素的波动。使用这些值重建细胞的典型结构。从软木从早材到晚材的过渡、硬木中导管与纤维之间的过渡以及射线的分布三个方面考察了组织水平的各向异性。

Anisotropic wood morphologies were analyzed by the X-ray, electron and laser diffractions (OFT) in the aspect of the Fourier transform having developed mathematical processes. Wood morphologies were divided into three oders : cell wall level; cell level ; tissue level. Microfibrillar angle among the structures of cell wall level is very important in the wood mechanics and were evaluated by the X-ray diffraction and the electron diffraction. In the former case, the mean value of the angle on many cell walls could be measured on the pressed wood specimens being operated by a new technique. The angle on the small area were surveyed in the latter case. Anisotropic microfibrillar distribution were estimated by the both methods.Anisotropy on the both cell and tissue levels were analyzed by the OFT and also FFT having similar ability to the OFT. On the transverse sections of soft woods, cell wall thickness, cell shapes, cell arrangements could be evaluated quantitatively, and even the fluctuation on these morphological elements were traced. The typical structure of cells was reconstructed using these values. The tissue level anisotropy was examined on the transition from the early wood to the late wood in softwoods, between vessels and fibers in hard woods and on the distribution of rays.